PART - 1 - Unit I : CH - 4 Animal Kingdom — BIOLOGY STD 11 Science — Question

John was reading a chapter on different parts of a green plant. His mother asked him about the functions of roots. He replied that roots are meant for anchorage and absorbing water and minerals from soil. Then mother showed him carrot, radish and turnip and asked him about the additional functions that the roots perform. John was surprised to find that roots in some plants change their shape and structure and become modified to perform additional functions like support, storage of food and respiration.

(1). Carrot is a
(a) Tap root (b) Fibrous root (c) Adventitious root (d) Stilt root.

(2). Hanging structures that support a banyan are
(a) Prop (b) Tuber (c) Rhizome (d) Stilt

(3). Supporting structures coming out of the lower nodes of the stems of maize and sugarcane are
(a) Stilt (b) Tendrils (c) Runner (d) Prop

(4). Which function is performed by the modified roots of Asparagus?
(a) Storage (b) Support (c) Respiration (d) Transpiration.

(5). Pneumatophores are found in
(a) Rhizophora (b) Asparagus (c) Sugarcane (d) Maize.

Define a cardiac cycle and the cardiac output.

What is heterospory? Briefly comment on its significance. Give two examples.

(i) Which factor is secreted due to increased blood flow in the atriums of the heart? Write one function of it.
(ii) Write any four differences in the urinary tract of men and women.

What is called endoplasmic reticulum? Write any four differences between smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Bryophyta (bryophytes) A division of plants which for some authors includes the mosses (Musci) and liverworts (Hepaticae), but is now often taken to include only the mosses; liverworts having been assigned divisional status as Hepatophyta. Bryophytes differ from algae in that the multicellular gametangium is surrounded by a protective jacket of sterile cells; gametangia of algae are usually unicellular and never have a protective jacket of sterile cells. Although bryophytes lack differentiated water-conducting vessels, and rely largely or entirely on water absorbed from rain falling on the plants, or from a moist atmosphere, some larger species may have simple water-conducting cells. They lack true roots, but possess root-like rhizoids which anchor them to a substrate and which can absorb water and minerals. The plants all show a heteromorphic alternation of generations, with a green vegetative gametophyte (the familiar moss or liverwort plant) and a sporophyte which typically takes the form of a (usually stalked) capsule and which is partially or wholly parasitic on the gametophyte. Most bryophytes are land plants and are found worldwide in a range of habitats. They are known from Devonian rocks, but there is no evidence to link them with either the green algae or the more advanced pteridophytes.

(1) A characteristic feature of bryophytes is:
(a) a dominant and parasitic sporophyte
(b) a dominant and spore-producing gametophyte
(c) a small sporophyte phase, which is dependent on the gametophyte
(d) sporophytes stay for a longer duration.

(2) Find the true statement about bryophytes:
(a) they have chloroplasts
(b) they have archegonia
(c) they are thalloid
(d) all of the above.

(3) Among the following which is not characteristics feature of bryophyte:
(a) Motile sperms
(b) Presence of archegonium
(c) Water essential for fertilization
(d) Independent sporophyte

(4) Bryophytes differ from pteridophytes in:
(a) Swimming antherozoids
(b) An independent gametophyte
(c) Archegonia
(d) Lack of vascular tissue

(5) In bryophytes, antherozoids are-
(a) Biflagellate
(b) Multiflagellate
(c) Sometimes biflagellate and sometimes multiflagellate.
(d) Biflagellate in a few species and multiflagellate in the rest.

There are thousands of different eubacteria or 'true bacteria'. They are characterized by the presence of a rigid cell wall, and if motile, a flagellum. The cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae) have chlorophyll a similar to green plants and are photosynthetic autotrophs. The cyanobacteria are unicellular, colonial or filamentous, freshwater/marine or terrestrial algae. The colonies are generally surrounded by gelatinous sheath. They often form blooms in polluted water bodies. Some of these organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialized cells called heterocysts, e.g., Nostoc and Anabaena. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidise various inorganic substances such as nitrates, nitrites and ammonia and use the released energy for their ATP production. They play a great role in recycling nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous. iron and Sulphur.

(1) Which of the following can be termed as 'Photosynthetic Autotrophs'
(a) All monerans (b) Chemosynthetic Bacteria (c) Cyanobacteria (d) All Eubacteria

(2) Blue green algae are characterized by :
(a) They often form blooms in polluted water bodies.
(b) Some of these organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen
(c) Their colonies are generally surrounded by gelatinous sheath.
(d) All of these

(3) Which is incorrect about Heterocysts:
(a) These are specialized cells
(b) These are present in all Cyanobacteria.
(c) Nostoc and Anabaena have Heterocysts.
(d) Organisms having these cells can fix atmospheric nitrogen

(4) Green plants are similar to Blue green algae in having:
(a) chlorophyll a (b) Heterocysts (c) chlorophyll b (d) None of these

(5) Which of these can be described as ‘true Bacteria’.
(a) Cyanobacteria only
(b) Only Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria
(c) Bacteria without cell wall.
(d) Eubacteria

Define the following :
(i) Vasa Recta (ii) Homeostasis (iii) Podocytes (iv) Juxtamedullary Nephron.