Question
Write difference between Phenol and Alcohol.

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Define the following modes of expressing the concentration of a solution. Which of these modes are independent of temperature and why?
  1. w/w (mass percentage)
  2. V/V (volume percentage)
  3. w/V (mass by volume percentage)
  4. ppm. (parts per million)
  5. x (mole fraction)
  6. M (Molarity)
  7. m (Molality)
Draw the structures of optical isomers of :
(i) $\left[ Cr \left( C _2 O _4\right)_3\right]^{3-}$
(ii) $\left[ PtCl _2( en )_2\right]^{2+}$
(iii) $\left[ Cr \left( NH _3\right)_2 Cl _2( en )\right]^{+}$
Write the $S _{ N } 1$ mechanism of unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.
Describe graphically the experimental method of measuring the conductivity of electrolyte solutions (ionic solution).
i. Write one chemical reaction for each
a. Carbylamine reaction
b. Acetylation reaction
ii. Write structure of N,N-ethylmethylethanamide
The air is a mixture of a number of gases. The major components are oxygen and nitrogen with approximate proportion of 20% is to 79% by volume at 298 K. The water is in equilibrium with air at a pressure of 10 atm. At 298 K if the Henry's law constants for oxygen and nitrogen at 298 K are 3.3 × 107 mm and 6.51 × 107 mm respectively. Calculate the composition of these gases in water.
(a) Why $\alpha$-hydrogen of carbonyl compound are acidic in nature?
(b) Explain aldol condensation reaction of ethanal.
A voltaic cell is set up at $25^\circ C$ with the followinng half$-$cell: $\ce{Al | Al^{3+}(0.001M)}$ and $\ce{Ni |Ni^{2+}(0.50M)}$
Calculate the cell voltage $\text{E}^{\circ}_{\text{Ni}^{2+}/\text{Ni}}\Big[=-0.25\text{V,E}^{\circ}_{\text{Al}^{3+}/\text{Al}}=-1.66\text{V}\Big]$
Calculate the depression in the freezing point of water when $10 g$ of $CH_3CH_2CHClCOOH$ is added to $250 g$ of water. $K_a = 1.4 \times 10^{–3}, K_f = 1.86 K \ kg\ mol^{–1}.$
Attempt any five of the following:
(a) Which sugar is present in milk?
(b) Why must vitamin C be supplied regularly in diet?
(c) What type of substance is phenylanine hydroxylate? Write its importance.
(d) Define denaturation of protein. What is the effect of denaturation on the structure of protein?
(e) Name the linkage connecting monosaccharide units in polysaccharides.
(f) How do you explain the presence of all six carbon atoms in glucose in a straight chain?
(g) Write the reactions showing the presence of following in the open structure of glucose:
i. a carbonyl group
ii. chain with six carbon atoms