Question
Write note on types of agriculture. ### Classify farming into various types and explain of them briefly.
✓
Answer
$($Note: Each type of farming can be asked separately as a $2$ marks question.$)$
$(1)$ Subsistence farming:
- Irrigation methods, output of farm, economic benefits, etc. are few of the parameters that classify farming into various types.
$(1)$ Subsistence farming:
- Farming done on small farms using simple and basic tools is called subsistence farming.
- The farmers doing this farming are very poor. So they cannot afford good fertilizers, quality seeds and pesticides.
- The production out of this farming is so low that it so consumed mainly by the farmer and his family.
- Farming done by using the moisture accumulated within the land is known as dry Dry farming.
- Dry framing is done in areas where rainfall is less and irrigation facilities are inadequate.
- Only one crop can be taken through dry farming .
- People who practice dry farming grow crops like Jowar millet and pulses which can grow with less water.
- In Gujarat wheat and gram grow in the humid soil after the monsoon is over .
- The farming practiced in areas receiving heavy rainfall or having good and adequate irrigation facilities is called wet farming.
- At least two crops are taken under wet farming.
- In case of less rain, the second crop is taken using irrigated water.
- Crops such as paddy. sugarcane, cotton, wheat and vegetables which require more water are grown using wet farming.
- In this type of farming, first a piece of forest land is cleared by cutting trees and burning trunks and branches.
- After this, the crops are grown for two or three years.
- When the fertility of soil reduces the farmers leave the land and start farming with the same method in some other land.
- This type of farming is also called jhoom farming.
- Here, the per-hectare production is low.
- Cereals or vegetables are grown in this type of agriculture.
- Plantation agriculture means farming of trees or bush.
- A lot of capital, technological knowledge, good fertilizer, irrigation facility, transport facility, managerial skills, etc. are needed for plantation agriculture.
- It also takes long time to grow plantation crops and requires lot of care.
- Rubber, tea, coffee, cocoa, spices, coconut and different fruits like apple, mango, oranges, amla (myrobalan), kharek (khalela, dried date), etc. are grown through plantation agriculture.
- It is mainly practiced in hilly regions.
- Farming done using mechanized tools, proper irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc. is known as intensive farming.
- Cash crops such as cotton, tobacco, rubber, etc. are grown more in this type of farming.
- Due to intensive farming, our per-hectare production and net-sown area has increased drastically.
- Here, economic return is given more importance and hence it is also known as 'Commercial farming’.
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