Question
Write short notes :
Ammonolysis
Ammonolysis
✓
Answer
Ammonolysis : An alkyl or benzyl halide on reaction with an ethanoic solution of ammonia under goes nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the halogen atom is replaced by an ammino $\left(- NH _2\right)$ group. This process of cleavage of the $C - X$ bond by ammonia molecule is known as ammonolysis the reaction is carried out in sealed tube at 373 K . The primary amine thus obtained can further react with alkyl halide to form secondary and tertiary amines and finally quaternary ammonium salt. So here mixture of compounds is formed. For this reaction order of reactivity of alkyl halides is as follows :
Amine obtained from reaction reacts with HX and forms salt. Which is treated with strong base and again amine is obtained.
(i) By this reaction to obtain primary amine as main product ammonia should be taken in excess.
(ii) By this reaction for motion of aniline is difficult because due to + M effect in chlorobenzene and carbonchlorine bond attains double bond character so reactivity of this is decreases. So formation of aniline is performed by following specific methods :
Amine obtained from reaction reacts with HX and forms salt. Which is treated with strong base and again amine is obtained.
(i) By this reaction to obtain primary amine as main product ammonia should be taken in excess.
(ii) By this reaction for motion of aniline is difficult because due to + M effect in chlorobenzene and carbonchlorine bond attains double bond character so reactivity of this is decreases. So formation of aniline is performed by following specific methods :
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