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The Fundamental Unit of Life — Science STD 9 — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 9ScienceThe Fundamental Unit of Life5 Marks
Question
Write short notes on:
  1. Mitochondria.
  2. Plastids.
✓

Answer

  1. Mitochondria: The mitochondria are tiny bodies of varying shapes and size. Each mitochondria is bounded by a double membrane envelope. Outer membrane is porous. The inner membrane is thrown into folds. These folds are called cristae and are studded with small rounded bodies known as $F_1$ particles or oxysomes. The interior cavity of the mitochondria is filled with a proteinaceous matrix which contains a few small-sized ribosomes, a circular $DNA$ molecule and phosphate granules. Mitochondria are sites of cellular respiration.
  2. Plastids: Plastids occur in most plant cells and are absent in animal cells. They have their own genome and ribosomes. There are three types of plastids: chromoplasts, chloroplasts and leucoplasts.

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