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Answer
Based on climate and variations in rainfall, there are mainly five types of forests:
$(1)$ Tropical Rain Forests : These forests are situated in the regions that receive more than $200 \ cm$ of rain. The trees of these forests are very dense and have a large canopy, so sunrays cannot reach the surface (ground). Autumn does not occur simultaneously in these forests, so they are evergreen throughout the year. In India, these forests are found as strips on the slopes of the Western Ghats near the coast, in Andarnan and Nicobar islands and in some parts of north-east India. Mahogany, ebony, rosewood, cane, rubber, etc. are main trees here.
$(2)$ Tropical Deciduous (Kharau) Forests : These forests are less dense and have less canopy. The trees here shed all their leaves during autumn, so these are also called ‘Autumn’ or ‘Kharau’ forests. The trees of these forests shed their leaves according to the season, so these are also called ‘Monsoon’ forests. Pine, saal, bamboo, sesame, mahudo, neem, etc. are main trees here.
$(3)$ Dry and Scrub (Thorny) Forests : These forests are found in the regions that receive less than $70 \ cm$ of rain. The trees are thorny here. These forests are found in Rajasthan, Haryana, eastern slopes of Western Ghats and in Gujarat. Cactus, kher, khydo, acacia, jujube, etc. are main trees here.
$(4)$ Montane Forests : Montane Forests means the forests on the mountain. The trees of these forests are grown at different heights, have various and special shapes. The vegetation grows up to a height between $1500$ metres to $2500$ metres above sea level, is in conical shape and has long and pointed (needle-shaped) leaves. The vegetation here is known as ‘Conical vegetation. Major trees here are chid, deodar and pine.
$(5)$ Mangrove (Tidal) Forests : Montane Forests means the forests on the mountain. The trees of these forests are grown at different heights, have various and special shapes. The vegetation grows up to a height between $1500$ metres to $2500$ metres above sea level, is in conical shape and has long and pointed (needle-shaped) leaves. The vegetation here is known as ‘Conical vegetation. Major trees here are chid, deodar and pine.
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