Question
Write the factors affecting climate of Brazil?

Answer

i. Latitudinal extenet: Brazil experiences wide range of variations in climate due to its vast latitudinal extent. The temperature in the northern part of Brazil is hot while the temperature in the southern part are comparatively lower.
ii. Equator: The equator passes through the northern part of Brazil which means that the sun's rays are perpendicular in this region throughout the year. Hence, the temperature here is hot. The average temperature in the Amazon valley is $25^{\circ} C -28^{\circ} C$ and the rainfall is around 2000 mm . Thus, throughout the year this region experiences hot and humid climate.
iii. The escarpment: Brazil receives rainfall from the South-East Trade winds as well as the North- East Trade winds. However, the escarpment acts as a barrier to the winds coming from the sea.
This causes orographic type of rainfall in the coastal areas. Beyond the highlands, as the effect of these winds gets reduced, the north-eastem part of the Highlands receives less rainfall and is called as a rain shadow region. This region is called Drought Quadrilateral.
iv. Weak convergence zone: In the equatorial regions, the winds move in the vertical direction in this region. Also the convergence zone of the trade winds near the coastal areas is extremely weak. As a result, cyclones are not formed.
v. Highland and sea coast: The climate is cooler in the Highlands and the coasts experiences mild and humid climate due to the proximity of the sea.
Thus, the vast latitudinal extent and the physiography of Brazil affect the climate of this country.

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