Marketing — Business Studies STD 12 Commerce — Question

Briefly explain the different factors that determine the choice of channels of distribution of any product.

What is meant by working capital. How is it calculated. Discuss five important determinants of working capital requirements.

Explain the following as factors affecting ‘financing decision’.

1. Cash flow position of the business.
2. Level of fixed operating cost.
3. Control consideration.
4. State of capital markets.

Describe the nature of principles of management with the help of any four points.

It is heartening that the implementation of compliance requirements of the Companies Act, 2013 has progressed substantially with NIFTY 500 companies. Data shows a significant increase in women's participation in the top management of Indian Companies from 5% few years ago to 13% now. Even companies which are not in NIFTY 500 have undertaken drives to increase women's participation across different areas of work. The government had also announced that it would support such companies.
Identify and explain the dimensions of business environment discussed above which brought about the change.

Aman Chadha started 'Bulls Eye' a company for providing cybersecurity solutions to businesses. Its objective is to prevent, detect and respond to cyber-attacks and protect critical data. He was a hardworking software engineer and an expert in cybersecurity. His reputation grew by leaps and bounds as he was not only a person of integrity but also did his work with utmost honesty and sincerity. The business started growing day by day.
He was delighted when he was offered a big project by the Ministry of Defence. While working on the project, he found that the volume of work made it impractical for him to handle all the work by himself. He decided to expand the team. The company maintained a close liaison with a local engineering college. During a campus placement, Ishan and Vrinda were appointed to work for the new project.
He found the new employees capable, enthusiastic and trustworthy. Aman Chadha was thus, able to focus on objectives and with the help of Ishan and Vrinda, the project was completed on time. Not only this Aman Chadha was also able to extend his area of operations. On the other hand, Ishan and Vrinda also got opportunities to develop and exercise initiative.
i. Identify and briefly explain the concept used by Aman Chadha in the above case which helped him in focusing on objectives.
ii. Also, state any four points of importance of the concept identified in (i) above.

HCL Technologies is one of the leading information technology outsourcing services providers in India. The company provides business consultancy and outsourcing services to its clients. Over the past five years, the company has been paying dividends at high rate to its shareholders. However, this year, although the earnings of the company are high, its liquidity position is not so good. Moreover, the company plans to undertake new ventures in order to expand its business.

1. State any three reasons because of which you think HCL Technologies has been paying dividends at high rate to its shareholders over the past five years.
2. Comment upon the likely dividend policy of the company this year by stating any two reasons in support of your answer.

Explain the term 'Communication'. How does formal communication differ from informal communication?
OR
Differentiate between formal and informal communication.

To satisfy the social and psychological needs which type of incentives are needed? Explain any four types of such incentives.

Give the meaning of ‘Informal Organisation’ and state any five features of it.