Control and Co-ordination — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Functions of hindbrain:
(i) Cerebellum:

1. Cerebellum is a primary centre for the control of equilibrium, posture, balancing and orientation.
2. Neuromuscular activities are regulated by the cerebellum.
3. Coordination of walking, running, speaking, etc. is under the control of hindbrain.

(ii) Pons:

1. Activities of two cerebellar hemispheres are coordinated by pons.
2. Nerve fibres cross over in this area and thus the right side of the brain controls the left part of the body and vice versa.
3. Pons controls the consciousness of the brain.
4. Breathing centre is located in pons along with medulla.

(iii) Medulla oblongata:

1. Medulla oblongata controls all the involuntary activities such as heartbeats, respiration, vasomotor activities.
2. Peristalsis and reflex actions such as coughing, sneezing, swallowing, etc. are also under the control of medulla oblongata.
3. Medulla oblongata is essential for all the vital functions of the body.