Grammar English - Grammar

You are Akshaya/Kajol of 123, Parade Ground Road, Secunderabad. You are interested in doing a short-term course in computer program¬ming during summer vacation. Write a letter to the Director, Computer World, Powai, Mumbai, enquiring about the duration of such a course and the terms and conditions for admission.

You are S. K. Malik of Adarsh Nagar, Darbhanga. You are shocked and dismayed at the rude and uncultured behavior of Bihar State Road¬ways bus conductors. Write a letter to the General Manager, Bihar State Roadways, Patna complaining about the indecent and rude behavior of the conductors.

Write a letter to the General Manager, BSNL., complaining about the unsatisfactory working our your Telephone.

Write a letter to the S.H.O. Central Market, Jehanabad, complaining about bad law and order situation in your area.

Write a letter to the Police Commissioner (Traffic) about the inadequate parking facilities in the commercial street area of Patna, which is causing a lot of inconvenience to the people. You may also offer your suggestions to solve it. You are Rakesh/Renu No. 12, Jayanagar, Patna.

Draft an application for tghe post of an accountant in Pioneers (Pvt.) Ltd. Co. Hyderabad in response to their advertisement that appeared in The Times of India. Prepare a biodata to be enclosed. You are Nipum/ Apama.

India Assurance Company, New Delhi has given an advertisement in the ‘Hindustan Times’ for recruitment of management trainees to be groomed as managers of their company. Apply for the same, giving your detailed biodata (curriculum vitae). Invent all necessary details, You are Aman/Aditi, 54-A , Gulab Road, Lucknow.

Write an application to your Headmaster requesting him to give you a week's leave to attend a 'workshop on Education' organised by the Central Government

Write an application to your Headmistress asking for sick leave as you are suffering from typhoid.

Write an application to the Principal asking him / her for leave attend a workshop on Yoga.

Match the names of the prose-pieces in List-A with their authors in List-B:

List-A	List-B
(i) How Free is the Press	(a) Martin Luther King, Jr.
(ii) Bharat is My Home	(b) Bertrand Russell
(iii) The Artist	(c) Dr. Zakir Hussain
(iv) I Have a Dream	(d) Dorothy L. Sayers
(v) Ideas That Have Helped Mankind	(e) Shiga Naoya

Translate any into English:
(i) आपकी घड़ी में कितना बजा है ?
(ii) मुझे सफलता में विश्वास है ।
(iii) हमेशा अपने बड़ों का आदर करो ।
(iv) डॉ० राजेन्द्र प्रसाद भारत के प्रथम राष्ट्रपति थे ।
(v) गोपाल बहुत अच्छा विद्यार्थी है।
(vi) मैं फैसला कर चुकी हूँ।
(vii) मेरा भाई बहुत नटखट है ।
(viii) हमें पेड़ लगाना चाहिए ।

Match the names of the poems given in List-A with their poets
in List-B:

List-A	List-B
(i) An Epitaph	(a) W. H. Auden
(ii) Snake	(b) Walter de la Mare
(iii) Song of Myself	(c) D. H. Lawrence
(iv) Now the Leaves are Falling Fast	(d) K. N. Daruwalla
(v) Fire-Hymm	(e) Walt Whitman

Write a note on the dialects of Middle English.
OR
Write a note on English as a second language of India.
OR
Write a note on American English.

Write the summary of any one of the following prose-pieces: 
(i) The Artist 
(ii) How Free is the Press 
(iii) Indian Civilization and Culture. 

Moreover, such stimulation is the stuff with which propagandists bait their books, the jam in which dictators counsel their ideological pills. An individual who relies on external stimulation thereby exposes himself to the full force of whatever propaganda is being made in his neighbourhood. For a majority of people in the west, purposeless reading, purposeless listening to radios, purposeless looking at films have become an addiction, psychological equivalents alcoholism and morphinism. Things have come to such a pitch that there are many millions of men and women who suffer real distress if they are cut-off for a few days even a few hours from newspapers, radio and music or movie pictures. Like an addict to a drug, they have to indulge their vice not because their indulgence, gives them any real pleasure but because, unless they indulge they feel painful, subnormal and incomplete.

i. What do propagandists use to attract people?
ii. What is the danger of relying on external stimulation?
iii. What has purposeless media consumption become compared to?
iv. Why do people feel distressed when cut off from media?

Some people have proposed that the solution to the problems of the employed housewife would be simply to pay women for being housewives. Hence women with heavy family responsibilities would not have to enter the labour force in order to gain income for themselves and or their families. This is not a solution for many reasons wages provide income, but they do not remedy the isolating nature of the work itself nor the negative attitudes housewives themselves have towards housework (but not towards child care).
Wages for housework would reinforce occupational stereotyping by freezing women into their traditional roles. Unless women and men are paid equally in the labour form and there is no division of labour based on sex. women’s work in the home will have no value. Since it is not clear what constitutes housework, and we know that housework standards vary greatly, it would be difficult to know how to reward it. Pay for housework might place home-makers (mainly wives) in the difficult position of having their work assessed by their husbands, while in the case of single home-makers, it is not clear who would do the assessing.
i. What is the proposed solution to help employed housewives mentioned in the passage?
ii. Why is paying wages for housework not considered a complete solution?
iii. How would wages for housework affect occupational roles?
iv. What is the problem with assessing housework for payment?

One must have the ability to express oneself in a clear articulate fashion. Good oral and written communication skills are absolutely essential if one is to be an effective manager. One must possess that intangible set of qualities called leadership skills. To be a good leader, one must understand and be sensitive to people and be able to inspire them towards the achievement of a common goal. Effective managers must be broadminded human beings who not only understand the world of business but also have a sense of the cultural, social, political, historical and (particularly today) the international aspects of life and society. This suggests that exposure to the liberal arts and humanities should be part of every manager’s education.
A good manager in today’s world must have the courage and a strong sense of integrity. He or she must know where to draw the line between the right and the wrong.
i. What kind of communication skills must a manager have?
ii. What are leadership skills according to the passage?
iii. Why should a manager be exposed to liberal arts and humanities?
iv. What personal qualities must a good manager have?

I stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map. I had expected to be near my objective by now, but everything still seemed alien to me. I was only five when my father had taken; me abroad, and that was eighteen years ago. When my mother had died after a tragic accident, he did not quickly recover from the shock of loneliness. Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound. So he decided to emigrate. In the new country, he became absorbed in making a new life for the two of us so that he gradually ceased to grieve. He did not marry again and I was brought up without a woman’s care, but I lacked for nothing for he was both father and mother to me. He always meant to go back one day, but not to stay. His roots and mine had become too firmly embedded in the new land. But he wanted to see the old folk again and to visit my mother’s grave. He became mortally ill a few months before we had planned to go and when he knew that he was dying, he made me promise to go on my own.
i.Why did the narrator stop the car?
ii. Why did the narrator's father decide to emigrate?
iii.Who brought up the narrator after his mother's death?
iv. What promise did the narrator make to his father before he died?

Smoking is the major cause of mortality with bronchogenic carcinoma of the lungs and is one of the factors causing death due to malignancies of the larynx, oral cavity, oesophagus, bladder, kidney, pancreas, stomach and uterine cervix and coronary heart diseases. Nicotine is the major substance present in the smoke that causes physical dependence. The additives do produce damage to the body for example, ammonia can result in a 100-fold increase in the ability of nicotine to enter into the smoke. Levulinic acid, added to cigarettes to mask the harsh taste of the nicotine, can increase the binding of nicotine to brain receptors, which increases the ‘kick’ of nicotine.
Smoke from the burning end of a cigarette contains over 4000 chemicals and 40 carcinogens. It has long been known that tobacco smoke is carcinogenic or cancer-causing. The lungs of smokers collect an annual deposit of 1 to 1 Vi pounds of the gooey black material, Invisible gas phase of cigarette smoke contains nitrogen, oxygen and toxic gases like carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, acrolein, hydrogen cyanide and nitrogen oxides. These gases are poisonous and in many cases interfere with the body’s ability to transport oxygen.
i. What is the major cause of mortality with bronchogenic carcinoma of the lungs?
ii. What is the main substance in cigarette smoke that causes physical dependence?
iii. How does levulinic acid affect the action of nicotine?
iv. What harmful gases are found in the invisible gas phase of cigarette smoke?

‘ Every summer many people, girls, and women as well as boys and men, try to swim from England to France or from France to England. The distance at the nearest points is only about twenty miles, but because of the strong tides, the distance at the nearest points is only about twenty miles but because of the strong tides the distance that must be swum is usually more than twice as far. The first man to succeed in swimming the channel was Captain Webb, an Englishmen. This was in August 1875. He landed in Franch 21 hours 45 minutes after entering the water at Dover. Since then there have been many successful swims and the time has been shortened. One French swimmer crossed in 11 hours and five minutes. Many others have been successful.

The Ganges is a sacred river. Several towns are situated on her banks. She has seen many ups and downs. Several battles were also fought on the banks of the Ganga. Many towns were wiped out, and many new ones sprang up. The Ganges is symbol of India’s culture. She is the confluence of many rivers. Similarly our culture is the amalgam of many cultures. It is like the Ganges every changing and yet ever the same. We are proud of our multifacet culture.

The most indubitable respect in which ideas have helped mankind is numbers. There must have been a time when Homo sapiens was a very rare species, subsisting precariously in jungles and caves, terrified of wild beasts, having difficulty in securing nourishment. At this period the biological advantage of his greater intelligence, which was cumulative because it could be handed on from generation to generation, had scarcely begun to overweigh the disadvantages of his long infancy, his lessened agility as compared with monkeys, and his lack of hirsute protection against cold. In those days, the number of men must certainly have been very small.

People will write the life of Gandhiji and they will discuss and criticise him and his theories and activities. But to some of us, he will, remain something apart from theory ‘a radiant and beloved figure’ who ennobled and gave significance to our petty lives and whose passing away has left us with a feeling of emptiness and loneliness. Many pictures rise in my mind of this man, whose eyes were often full of laughter and yet were pools of infinite sadness. But the picture that is dominant and most significant is as I saw him marching, staff in hand, to Dandi on the Salt March in 1930. Here was the pilgrim on his quest of truth, quiet, peaceful, determined and fearless who would continue that quiet pilgrimage, regardless of consequences.

One of the worst earthquakes took place in Bihar in 1934. It occured at fifteen minutes past two and soon large parts of Nepal were in ruins. More than ten thousand men and women were killed, and many houses nobody can say how many fell to the ground. The people of Monghyr in Bihar and Bhatgaon in Nepal suffered most, and there were heavy losses also in Patna, Motihari, Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga in Bihar, and Kathmandhu in Nepal. If one went to these places after the earthquake one would see only heaps of ruins. Many places were flooded with water which rose from six to eight feet. For many days trains could not move and the roads were under water. After the earthquake people from all over India hurried to help Bihar. Our national leaders visited Monghyr, Muzaffarpur and other places and money poured in from all parts of the country. The earth may be cruel but men should be Kind.