true or false

Question 11 Mark

Botulism can be caused by canned food.

Answer

True.
Explanation: Botulism poisoning is due to a toxin produced by a type of bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. Certain food sources, such as home-canned foods, provide a potent breeding ground for botulism can be home-canned foods or commercially canned products that didn’t undergo proper processing.

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Question 21 Mark

Interferons are made by our body to fight against the viral infections.

Answer

True.
Explanation: They are a major defense against viral infections and abnormal growths (neoplasm’s). interferon’s are produced in response to penetration of animal cells by viral infections and in stimulating the entire immune system to fight disease.

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Question 31 Mark

Giardiasis causes diarrhoea. [True or False]

Answer

True.
Explanation:
Giardiasis (jee-are-$DYE$-uh-sis) is caused by the microscopic Giardia parasite. The parasite attaches itself to the lining of the small intestines in humans, where it causes diarrhea and interferes with the body's absorption of fats and carbohydrates from digested foods.

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Question 41 Mark

Ringworm is caused by a nematode worm.

Answer

False.
Explanation: Ringworm of the skin (tinea corporis) is most commonly caused by the fungus Trichophyton rubrum, which spreads from one person to another. It can also be caused by Microsporum canis, which is spread by cats and dogs.

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Question 51 Mark

$BCG$ vaccine is used to prevent tuberculosis. [True or False]

Answer

True.
Explanation:
$BCG$, or bacille Calmette-Guerin, is a vaccine for tuberculosis $(TB)$ disease. Many foreign-born persons have been $BCG$-vaccinated. $BCG$ is used in many countries with a high prevalence of $TB$ to prevent childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary disease.

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Question 61 Mark

Acquire disease are developed after birth.

Answer

True.
Explanation: An acquired disorder is a medical condition which develops postnatally For example, $AIDS$ is an acquired, not an inherited, form of immune deficiency.

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Question 71 Mark

$HIV$ virus is a retrovirus.

Answer

True.
Explanation:$HIV$ virus is a retrovirus as it uses its own reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce $DNA$ from its $RNA$ genome, the reverse of the usual pattern, thus retro (backwards).

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Question 81 Mark

Penicillin is effective against bacteria because it inhibits their wall formation.

Answer

True.
Explanation: Penicillins and other antibiotics in the beta-lactam family contain a characteristic four-membered beta-lactam ring. Penicillin kills bacteria through binding of the beta-lactam ring to $DD$-transpeptidase, inhibiting its cross-linking activity and preventing new cell wall formation. Without a cell wall, a bacterial cell is vulnerable to outside water and molecular pressures, and quickly dies. Since human cells do not contain a cell wall, penicillin treatment results in bacterial cell death without affecting human cells.

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Question 91 Mark

Cancer is an infectious disease.

Answer

False.
Explanation: Cancer cells from one person are generally unable to live in the body of another healthy person. A healthy person’s immune system recognizes foreign cells and destroys them, including cancer cells from another person.

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Question 101 Mark

Streptomycin inhibits protein synthesis in pathogenic bacteria.

Answer

True.
Explanation: Streptomycin is in the aminoglycoside class of medication. It works by blocking the ability of $30$ $S$ ribosomal subunits to make proteins which results in bacterial death and inhibits protein synthesis in pathogenic bacteria.

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Question 111 Mark

Fungi cause ringworms and other skin infections. [True or False]

Answer

True.
Explanation:
It's a skin infection that's caused by moldlike fungi that live on the dead tissues of your skin, hair, and nails. You can get it in any of these places and on your scalp. When you get it between your toes, it's what people call athlete's foot. If it spreads to your groin, it's known as jock itch.

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Question 121 Mark

$AIDS$ can be transmitted through blood transfusion.

Answer

True.
Explanation: It can be spread by sexual contact with an infected person, by sharing needles/ syringes with someone who is infected, or, rarely, through transfusions with infected blood. The most common type of $HIV$ is known as $HIV-1$.

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Question 131 Mark

An environmental stress upsets the normal physiological functioning of the organisms.

Answer

True.
Explanation:
Stress can lead to changes in behavior and in physiology. Behavioral changes can include smoking, changes in eating habits and physical activity. Physiological changes can include changes in sympathetic activation or $HPA$ activity, and immunological function. However, there is much variability in the link between stress and illness.

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Question 141 Mark

Personal hygiene is basic to prevent infectious disease.

Answer

True.
Explanation: Good personal hygiene, through hand washing, and safe diapering practices are critical to helping prevent the spread of illness and disease in emergency situations.

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