Question 15 Marks
a. Distinguish between esterification and saponification reactions with the help of chemical equations for each.
b. With a labelled diagram describe in brief an activity to show the formation of an ester.
b. With a labelled diagram describe in brief an activity to show the formation of an ester.
Answer
View full question & answer→Here the difference between esterification and saponification reactions
$\underset{\text { Alcohol }}{\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}}+\underset{\text { Acid }}{\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}} \rightarrow \underset{\text { Ester }}{\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}} \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}+\underset{\text { Water }}{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\text { esterification })}$
$\underset{\text { Ester }}{\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}}+\underset{\text { Base }}{\mathrm{NaOH}} \rightarrow \underset{\text { Alcohol }}{\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}}+\underset{\text { Salt }}{\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COONa} \text { (saponification) }}$
- Diagram for esterification
Description
1 mL ethanol, 1 mL glacial acetic acid and a few drops of conc. $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$
$\downarrow$
Warmed in a water bath
$\downarrow$
Water is poured into the beaker
$\downarrow$
Fruity smell is producedDescription
1 mL ethanol, 1 mL glacial acetic acid and a few drops of conc. $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$
$\downarrow$
Warmed in a water bath
$\downarrow$
Water is poured into the beaker
$\downarrow$
Fruity smell is produced
$\underset{\text { Alcohol }}{\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}}+\underset{\text { Acid }}{\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}} \rightarrow \underset{\text { Ester }}{\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}} \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}+\underset{\text { Water }}{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\text { esterification })}$
$\underset{\text { Ester }}{\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}}+\underset{\text { Base }}{\mathrm{NaOH}} \rightarrow \underset{\text { Alcohol }}{\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}}+\underset{\text { Salt }}{\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COONa} \text { (saponification) }}$
- Diagram for esterification
Description1 mL ethanol, 1 mL glacial acetic acid and a few drops of conc. $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$
$\downarrow$
Warmed in a water bath
$\downarrow$
Water is poured into the beaker
$\downarrow$
Fruity smell is producedDescription
1 mL ethanol, 1 mL glacial acetic acid and a few drops of conc. $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$
$\downarrow$
Warmed in a water bath
$\downarrow$
Water is poured into the beaker
$\downarrow$
Fruity smell is produced
