Question 15 Marks
Write the main difference between an acid and a base. With the help of suitable examples explain the term neutralization and the formation of -
i. acidic,
ii. basic and
iii. neutral salts.
i. acidic,
ii. basic and
iii. neutral salts.
Answer
Neutralization - A reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water.
i. Acidic - When strong acid reacts with a weak base, acidic salt is formed.
$\mathrm{NaOH}+\mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
ii. Basic - When a weak acid reacts with a strong base, basic salt is formed.
$\mathrm{NaOH}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
iii. Neutral - When strong acid reacts with a strong base or weak acid react with a weak base, the neutral salt is formed.
$\mathrm{KOH}+\mathrm{HNO}_{3} \rightarrow \mathrm{KNO}_{3}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
View full question & answer→| Acid | Base |
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i. Acidic - When strong acid reacts with a weak base, acidic salt is formed.
$\mathrm{NaOH}+\mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
ii. Basic - When a weak acid reacts with a strong base, basic salt is formed.
$\mathrm{NaOH}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
iii. Neutral - When strong acid reacts with a strong base or weak acid react with a weak base, the neutral salt is formed.
$\mathrm{KOH}+\mathrm{HNO}_{3} \rightarrow \mathrm{KNO}_{3}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$