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Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids Chemistry - Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids

CBSE - STD 12 Science - Chemistry (CBSE - English Medium). 344 questions in this chapter.

Question types

Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids question types

344 questions across 7 question groups — pick any mix to generate a Chemistry paper with step-by-step answer keys.

344
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7
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Sample Questions

Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids questions

One sample from each question group in this chapter. Select any group above to see the full set with answer keys.

Q 2M.C.Q (1 Marks)1 Mark
What is the correct $\text{IUPAC}$ name of the given compound? $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\text{|}}\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\text{|}}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{COOH}$
  • ✓
    $2, 2-$Dimethylbutanoic acid.
  • B
    $2-$Carboxyl$-2-$methylbutane.
  • C
    $2-$Ethyl$-2-$methylpropanoic acid.
  • D
    $3-$Methylbutane carboxylic acid.

Answer: A.

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Q 5M.C.Q (1 Marks)1 Mark
Compound $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ||\\\text{Ph}-\text{O}-\text{C}-\text{Ph}$ can be prepared by the reaction of $.......$
  • A
    Phenol and benzoic acid in the presence of $\text{NaOH}.$
  • ✓
    Phenol and benzoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine.
  • C
    Phenol and benzoyl chloride in the presence of $\ce{ZnCl_2}.$
  • D
    Phenol and benzaldehyde in the presence of palladium.

Answer: B.

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Q 6Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ1 Mark
In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
 Assertion: Benzaldehyde undergoes aldol condensation
Reason: Aldehydes having $\alpha-$hydrogen atom undergo aldol condensation.
  • A
    Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
  • B
    Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
  • C
    Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  • ✓
    Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Answer: D.

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Q 7Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ1 Mark
In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Hydrogen bonding in carboxylic acids is stronger than alcohols.
Reason: Highly branched carboxylic acids are more acidic than unbranched acids.
  • A
    Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
  • B
    Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
  • ✓
    Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  • D
    Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Answer: C.

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Q 8Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ1 Mark
Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Aromatic aldehydes and formaldehyde undergo Cannizaro reaction.
Reason: Aromatic aldehydes are almost as reactive as formaldehyde.
  • A
    Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
  • B
    Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
  • ✓
    Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  • D
    Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Answer: C.

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Q 9Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ1 Mark
Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Formaldehyde is a planar molecule.
Reason: It contains $sp^2$ hybridised carbon atom.
  • ✓
    Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
  • B
    Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
  • C
    Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  • D
    Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Answer: A.

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Q 10Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ1 Mark
Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Aldehydes and ketones, both react with Tollen’s reagent to form silver mirror.
Reason: Both, aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group.
  • A
    Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
  • B
    Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
  • C
    Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  • ✓
    Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Answer: D.

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Q 121 Marks Question1 Mark
Write the IUPAC name of the following ketone and aldehyde. Wherever possible, give also common name.$\mathrm{CH}_3\left(\mathrm{CH}_2\right)_5 \mathrm{CHO}$
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Q 172 Marks Questions2 Marks
Give plausible explanation for each of the following:Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but $2, 2, 6-$ trimethylcyclohexanone does not.
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Q 182 Marks Questions2 Marks
An organic compound $(A) ($molecular formula $C_8H_{16}O_2)$ was hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid $(B)$ and an alcohol $(C).$ Oxidation of $(C)$ with chromic acid produced $(B).\ (C)$ on dehydration gives but-1-ene. Write equations for the reactions involved.
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Q 202 Marks Questions2 Marks
An organic compound with the molecular formula $C_9H_{10}O$ forms $2,4-DNP$ derivative, reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation, it gives $1, 2-$benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound.
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Q 213 Marks Question3 Marks
What happens when
  1. Ethyl chloride is treated with NaI in the presence of acetone,
  2. Chlorobenzene is treated with Na metal in the presence of dry ether,
  3. Methyl chloride is treated with $KNO_2$?
Write chemical equations in support of your answer.
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Q 243 Marks Question3 Marks
Write the structures of compounds A, B and C in the following reactions:
  1. $\text{CH}_3-\text{COOH}\xrightarrow{\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{NH}_3/\triangle\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }}\text{A}\xrightarrow{\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{Br}_2/\text{KOH(aq)}\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }}\text{B}\xrightarrow{\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{CHCL}_3+\text{alc.KOH}\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }}\text{C}$
  1. $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{N}_2^+\text{BF}_4^-\xrightarrow[\triangle]{\text{NaNO}_2/\text{Cu}\text{ }\text{ }}\text{A}\xrightarrow{\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{Fe}/\text{HCL}\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }}\text{B}\xrightarrow{\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{CH}_3\text{COCL}/pyridine\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }}\text{C}$
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Q 253 Marks Question3 Marks
An organic compound A has the molecular formula $C_8H_{16}O_8$​​​​​​​. It gets hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid and gives a carboxylic acid B and an alcohol C. Oxidation of C with chromic acid also produced B. C on dehydration reaction gives but-1-ene. Write equations for the reactions involved.
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Q 26Case study (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions :
When an aldehyde with no a-hydrogen reacts with concentrated aqueous $NaOH$, half the aldehyde is converted to carboxylic acid salt and other half is converted to an alcohol. In other words, half of the reactant is oxidized
and other half is reduced. This reaction is known as Cannizzaro reaction

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. A mixture of benzaldehyde and formaldehyde on heating with aqueous $NaOH$ solution gives:
  1. Benzyl alcohol and sodium formate.
  2. Sodium benzoate and methyl alcohol.
  3. Sodium benzoate and sodium formate.
  4. Benzyl alcohol and methyl alcohol.
  1. Which of the following compounds will undergo Cannizzaro reaction?
  1. $CH_3CHO$
  2. $CH_3COCH_3$
  3. $C_6H_5CHO$
  4. $C_6H_5CH_2CHO$
  1. Trichloroacetaldehyde is subjected to Cannizzaro's reaction by using $NaOH$. The mixture of the products contains sodium trichloroacetate ion and another compound. The other compounds is:
  1. 2, 2, 2-trichloroethanol
  2. Trichloromethanol
  3. 2, 2, 2-trichloropropanol
  4. Chloroform
  1. Which of the following reaction will not result in the formation of carbon-carbon bonds?
  1. Cannizzaro reaction
  2. Wurtz reaction
  3. Reimer- Tiemann reaction
  4. Friedel - Crafts acylation
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Q 27Case study (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The addition reaction of enol or enolate to the carbonyl functional group of aldehyde or ketone is known as aldol addition. The β-hydroxyaldehyde or ββ-hydroxyketone so obtained undergo dehydration in second step to produce a conjugated enone. The first part of reaction is an addition reaction and the second part is an elimination reaction. Carbonyl compound having αα-hydrogen undergoes aldol condensation reaction.
  1. Condensation reaction is the reverse of which of the following reaction?
  1. Lock and key hypothesis
  2. Oxidation
  3. Hydrolysis
  4. Glycogen formation
  1. Which of the following compounds would be the main product of an aldol condensation of acetaldehyde and acetone?
  1. $CH_3CH=CHCHO$
  2. $CH_3CH=CHCOCH_3$
  3. $(CH_3)_2C=CHCHO$
  4. $(CH_3)_2C=CHCOCH_3$
  1. Which combination of carbonyl compounds gives phenyl vinyl ketone by an aldol condensation?
  1. Acetophenone and Formaldehyde
  2. Acetophenone and acetaldehyde
  3. Benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde
  4. Benzaldehyde and acetone
  5. Which of the following will undergo aldol condensation?
  1. $HCHO$
  2. $CH_3CH_2OH$
  3. $C_6H_5CHO$
  4. $CH_3CH_2CHO$
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Q 28Case study (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Aldehydes and ketones having acetyl group $\left(\begin{array}{c}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ||\\\ \ \ \text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\end{array}\right)$ are oxidised by sodium hypohalate $\ce{(NaOX)}$ or halogen and alkali $(X_2 + OH^-)$ to corresponding sodium salt having one carbon atoms less than the carbonyl compound and give a haloform.
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ||\\\text{R}-\text{C}-\text{CH}_3\xrightarrow[\text{orX}_2+\text{NaOH}]{\text{NaOX}}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ||\\\text{R}-\text{C}-\stackrel{-}{\hbox{ O}}\stackrel{+}{\hbox{Na}}+\text{CHX}_3(\text{X = Cl, Br, I})$
Sodium hypoiodite $\ce{(NaOl)}$ when treated with compounds containing $\ce{CH_3CO}-$group gives yellow precipitate of iodoform. Haloform reaction does not affect a carbon $-$ carbon double bond present in the compound.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Which of the following compounds will give positive iodoform test?
  1. Isopropyl alcohol.
  2. Propionaldehyde.
  3. Ethylphenyl ketone.
  4. Benzyl alcohol.
  1. Which of the following compounds is not formed in iodoform reaction of acetone?
  1. $\ce{CH_3COCH_2l}$
  2. $\ce{ICH_2COCH_2l}$
  3. $\ce{CH_3COCHl_2}$
  4. $\ce{CH_3COCl_3}$
  1. For the given set of reactions, 

starting compound $A$ corresponds to:
  1. In the following reaction sequence, the correct structures of $E, F$ and $G$ are:

(* implies $^{13}C$ labelled carbon)
  1. An organic compound $'A\ '$ has the molecular formula $\ce{C_3H_6O}$. It undergoes iodoform test. When saturated with $\ce{HCl}$ it gives $'B\ '$ of molecular formula $\ce{C_9H_{14}O}. 'A\ '$ and $'B\ '$ respectively are:
  1. propanal and mesityl oxide. 
  2. Propanone and mesityl oxide.
  3. propanone and $2,6-$ dimethyl$-2,5-$ hepta $-$ dien $-4-$ one.
  4. propanone and propionaldehyde.
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Q 29Case study (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Fehling's reagent: Fehling's reagent is a mixture of two solutions. Fehllng's solution A is aqueous copper sulphate solution. Fehling's solution Bis alkaline sodium potassium tartarate (Rochelle salt).
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH(OH)COONa}\\\text{CuSo}_{4\text{(aq)}}+|\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH(OH)COOK}$
It is a mild oxidising agent. It is weaker than Tollens' reagent. It oxidises only aliphatic aldehydes to carboxylate ions and itself gets reduced to reddish brown precipitate of cuprous oxide. Aromatic aldehydes do not respond to Fehling's test. This reaction is used for the test of aliphatic aldehydes known as Fehling's reagent test.
In these questions (Q. No. l-iv), a statement of assertion followed by a statement ofreason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
  1. Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
  2. Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
  3. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  4. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
  1. Assertion: Fehling's solution can be used to distinguish between acetaldehyde and acetone.
Reason: Fehling's reagent is a mixture of two solutions.
  1. Assertion: Aromatic aldehydes can be distinguished from aliphatic aldehydes by Fehling's solution.
Reason: Aromatic aldehydes reduce Fehling's solution, but aliphatic aldehydes do not.
  1. Assertion: Fehling's solution oxidises acetaldehyde to acetic acid but not benzaldehyde to benzoic acid.
Reason: The $C-H$ bond of $-CHO$ group in benzaldehyde is stronger than in acetaldehyde.
  1. Assertion: $CH_3CHO$ and $C_6H_5CH_2CHO$ cannot be distinguished chemically by Fehling's solution.
Reason: $CH_3CHO$ and $C_6H_5CH_2CHO$ cannot be distinguished chemically by Fehling's solution.
  1. Assertion: Formaldehyde, when heated with Fehling's reagent produces a reddish brown ppt, of Cu.
Reason: Fehling's reagent oxidises fonnaldehyde to formate ion.
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Q 30Case study (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions.

Carbonyl carbon is electron deficient hence acts as an electrophi le. Nucleophile attacks on the electrophili c carbon atom of the carbonyl group from a direction perpendicular to the plane of the molecule.

 ln this process, hybridisation of carbon atom changes from $sp^2$ to $sp^3$ and a tetrahedral alkoxide ion is formed as intermediate. This intermediate captures proton from the reaction medium to give the neutral product. Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions. In these questions $(Q. No. l-iv),$ a statement of assertion followed by a statement ofreason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
  1. Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
  2. Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
  3. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  4. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
  1. Assertion: Benzaldehyde is more reactive than ethanal towards nucleophitic attack.
Reason: The overall effect of $-I$ and $+R$ effect of phenyl group decreases the electron density on the carbon atom of $>c=o$ group in benzaldehyde.
  1. Assertion: $(CH_3)_3CCOC(CH_3)_3$ and acetone can be distinguished by the reaction with $NaHSO_3.$
Reason: $HSO_3$ is the nucleophile in bisulphite addition.
  1. Assertion: Ease of nucleophilic addition of the compounds  $(I). CH_3CHO$ $(II)$ and $CH_3COCH_3(III)$ is$ I > II > III.$
Reason: Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions.
  1. Assertion: The formation of cyanohydrin from an aldehyde or ketone occurs very slowly with pure $HCN$. The is reaction is catalysed by a base.
Reason: Base generates $CN^-$ ion which is a stronger nucleophile.
  1. Assertion: is more reactive towards nucleophilic addition reaction than .
Reason: Reactivity of carbonyl group is due to electrophilic nature of carbonyl carbon.
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Q 315 Marks Questions5 Marks
Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction.
  1. Methanal
  2. 2-Methylpentanal
  3. Benzaldehyde
  4. Benzophenone
  5. Cyclohexanone
  6. 1-Phenylpropanone
  7. Phenylacetaldehyde
  8. Butan-1-ol
  9. 2,2-Dimethylbutanal.
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