Science Do as directed; [Che-1 M]

Temp. on Kelvin scale = Temp. on Celsius scale + 273

LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Oxygen Gas respectively.

CNG: Compressed Natural Gas.

Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC): A state of matter in which separate atoms or subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero (0K, - 273.15°C, or - 459.67°F; K = kelvin), coalesce into a single quantum mechanical entity-that is, one that can be described by a wave function-on a near-macroscopic scale.

It’s because the water which is in solid form have lighter density when compared to liquid form.

Because the molecules or particle in the solids are compactly packed due to which they can't move here and there so instead of this they vibrate.

Since solid carbon dioxide directly changes into carbon dioxide gas (or sublimes), and does not melt to produce a liquid (like ordinary ice), it is called dry ice.

Liquids flow because of the following factors:
Since molecules are not densely packed in liquid state, they can freely move.
Forces of attraction between the molecules are weak, therefore they can move in random directions.
Therefore, liquid flow and can take the shape of the vessels in which they are kept.

Gases diffuse very fast because the particles in gases move very quickly in all directions.

The level of the water doesn't change because we know that the particles of the liquid is not closely packed their is a small gapes between the particle so the salt particles come in between that gapes that's why the level doesn't raise.

Plasma which is 4th state of matter is responsible for glow of suns and star.

Diffusion.

The property of gases help us in detecting the leakage of LPG gas is diffusion, since when LPG diffuses with air, it spreads in surrounding and reaches our nose, so we come to know that the gas is leaked.

Copper Sulphate into water.

Gas diffuses faster.

The characteristic of matter illustrated by this observation is that the particles of matter have spaces between them.

This shows that the particles of matter are constantly moving in all direction.

Diffusion.

Diffusion is the process through which the ink is dissolved into the water.
It plays an important role in transferring of the solution from area of low concentration to the higher concentration.
In other words, the solvent with higher solute percentage attracts the solution that is lower in terms of the concentration of the solvent.

It shows that each potassium permanganate crystal is made up of millions of small particles and particles of water have spaces between them.

The spreading of blue colour of copper sulphate into water, on its own, is due to the diffusion of copper sulphate particles into water.

273

Atoms or Molecules.

Kelvin– K.

Gas.

Either a liquid or a gas (steam) as 100°C is the boiling point of water as well as the condensation temperature of steam.

At 25^oC the water will be in liquid form (normal room temperature).

At 100^oC the water is at its boiling point, hence both liquid and gaseous state of water is present.

Degree Celsius -°C

Sublimation.

Sublimation.

Sublimation.

Solid.

Liquid and Gas.

Dryice.

It means that 22.5 × 105J of heat is required to change 1Kg of water (at its boiling point, 100C) into steam at the same temperature of 100°C.

It means that 3.34 × 105J of heat has to be supplied to change 1Kg of ice (at its melting point, 0°C) into water at the same temperature of 0°C.

Humidity is an important thing to understand because it affects both weather and climate as well as global climate change. Humidity also affects indoor environments, so understanding it can help you determine the best place to store your books, clothing and other important items in your house.

In the centimeter/ gram/ second system, the unit of volume is the cube of the unit of length = 'cc' or 'cubic centimeter' or 'cm³'.

The heat energy that has to applied to change the state of a substance is called ‘latent heat’.
They are of two types:

1. Latent heat of fusion.
2. Latent heat of vaporization.

The physical states of matter can be changed by changing pressure and changing the temperature.

The condition for something to be called matter is that it should occupy space and have mass.

The characteristics of matter are:

1. The particles of matter are very, very small.
2. The particles of matter have spaces between them.
3. The particles of matter are constantly moving.
4. The particles of matter attract each other.

When a change of state of a substance has to take place the heat given would not raise the temperature.

Increasing density:
Air < exhaust from chimneys < cotton < water < honey < chalk < iron.

270 - 273 = -3°C.

-273°C.

373K.