Science Answer the questions.[Bio-2M]

Due the presence of collenchyma tissue.
Function: provide flexibility and strength.
Location: between nodes and internodes.
Features: thickened at the corners due to pectin and cellulose, very less intercellular spaces.

Types of white blood cells (WBCs) are:

• Eosinophils.
• Basophils.
• Neutrophils.
• Monocytes.
• Lymphocytes.

Function of fluid connective tissue: Blood a fluid connective tissue provides transport system within our body and other important substance. cartilage provides strong support and connection for our skeletal framework and function of bones is to support and protect soft tissue and organs in our body.

Sclerenchyma cells are dead cells and they are devoid of protoplasm. The cells walls of sclerenchyma are greatly thickened by lignin. The cells of sclerenchyma are closely packed without intercellular spaces.

They are located at the base of leaves or internodes, e.g., stems of grasses and other monocots. Such tissues also occur below the nodes. It produces an increase in the length of an organ such as leaves and internodes.

Meristematic tissue consist of actively dividing cell and leads to increase in length and thickness of plant. The primary growth of plant occur only in specific region such as the tips of roots and stems because in these region meristematic tissue is present.

Epidermis is the protective covering of plant body. It protects the plants from desiccation and infection.

When blood circulates in the body, it passes through all the organs and thus connects different tissues and organs of the body. Hence it is considered to be a connective tissue.

Cartilage contains chondrin and bone contains ossein respectively.

Simple squamous epithelial cells are extremely thin and flat which allows diffusion of substances through it.

Lymph is a colorless or slightly yellowish fluid which is called the middleman between tissues cells and blood.

Adipose tissue forms blubber of whale and hump of camel.

Cell body receives impulse and is transmitted through axon and axon terminals.
Following picture also depicts the same phenomenon:

The cell wall of cork is coated with suberin, a waxy substance which which makes these impermeable to water and gases.

White blood cells are protect our body from various germs that infact our body, hence they are known as soldiers of the body.

Bone and cartilage cells reside in small spaces within the matrix that are called lacunae.

Permanent plant tissues are found in mature plants. Simple tissues are composed of only one type of cell. Parenchyma is a flexible tissue that makes up many parts of the plant, like photosynthetic leaves and soft parts of fruit.

The companion cells are usually found in the phloem area of the plants
The major functions of companion cells are as follows:

1. Companion cells in the veins of leaves function in the transfer of assimilates from photosynthetic tissues and bundle sheaths into the sieve tubes.
2. Apoplastic loading, a process utilizing energy, is facilitated by carrier proteins called sucrose transporters which are located in the plasma membranes of companion cells and/or sieve tube members.
3. Companion cells that function as transfer cells are characterized by extensive wall in growths that vastly increase the surface area of the plasma membrane.
4. Companion cells also play an important role in maintaining the viability and long-distance translocation system of the enucleate sieve tube members by providing them with proteins, including informational (signaling) molecules, and ribonuclear protein complexes as well as ATP.

Bone marrow is responsible for the production of blood cells in the body. If bone marrow is destroyed, the formation of white blood cells, red blood corpuscles and platelets will stop.

Apical meristems are the growing parts of the roots and stems and are present at the tips of roots, branches, leaves and shoots. If the apical meristems are damanged or cut, the growth of that part of the plant will stop.

Blood platelets are responsible for clotting of blood. If blood platelets are removed from the blood, clotting will not happen after injury and bleeding will continue. This might lead to the death of the injured person.

Amoeba is a single cell unicellular organism. It performs all vital life activities like respiration, intake of food, exchange of respiratory gases, excretion, reproduction.

In multicellur organisms, each kind of cell is structured to perform all vital life activities and one specific function as a component of tissues.

Areolar connective tissue is present in bone marrow.

The cell wall is generally unevenly thickened in collenchymas. The walls are rich in hemicellulose.

In multicellular organisms, the different types of tissues perform different functions. Since a particular group of cells carry out only a particular function, they do it very efficiently. So, multicellular organisms possess a definite division of labour.

The number of blood platelets is 2,50,000-300,000 per cubic mm.

Myelin (medullary) sheath is a fatty covering that surrounds axon of nerve fibres. It insulates the nerve fibre (axon) and prevents leakage of ions.

Muscular tissue is responsible for movement in our body. The cells of this tissue contain special proteins called contractile proteins, which contract and relax to cause movement.

Importance of tissues:

1. Formations of tissues have brought about a division of labour in multicellular organisms.
2. Tissues become organised to form organs and organs organise into organ system.

The hair like projection in cuboidal epithelium is called cilia. it prevents the blockage of waste material.

It is responsible for growth in grith of stem or root.

Collenchyma cells have thin primary walls with some areas of secondary thickening. Collenchyma provides extra mechanical and structural support, particularly in regions of new growth. Sclerenchyma cells have thick lignified secondary walls and often die when mature.

Skeletal connective tissue forms the endoskeleton of the body. It includes bones and cartilage.
Functions of skeletal connective tissue:

1. It provides support to the body.
2. Protects the vital organs of the body like brain, ear, heart, lungs etc.
3. It anchors the muscles and provide movement to animal body.

Serum is blood plasma of blood from which fibrinogen is removed.

Division of labour is adaptation of different parts of an organism to carry out different functions. Hence, there are several kinds of tissues, each with specific properties to carry out specific function in the body.

The normal RBC range for men is 4.7 to 6.1 million cells per microliter. The normal RBC range for women is 4.2 to 5.4 million cells per microliter.

Myelin (medullary) sheath is a fatty covering that surrounds axon of nerve fibres. It insulates the nerve fibre (axon) and prevents leakage of ions.

In human, it ranges from 5000 to 11000 leucocytes/ mm³ blood.

Tendon is a fibrous (dense) connective tissue which connects a muscle with a bone.

The sclerenchyma fibers are of great economical importance since they constitute the source material for many fabrics, hemp, flex, jute.

The process of taking up a permanent shape, size and a function is called differentiation.

A neuron consists of a cell body or cyton with a nucleus and cytoplasm, from which long thin hair-like parts arise.

The meristem which occurs at the growing tips of roots and shoots and increases the length of the stem and root is called apical meristem.

Tracheary elements are the elements of xylem. Their function is to carry water and mineral salts in upward direction from the roots to different part of shoots.