CASE BASED QUESTIONS(4 Mark)

Question 14 Marks

Poverty in India also has another aspect or dimension. The proportion of poor people is not the same in every state. Although state-level poverty has witnessed a secular decline from the levels of the early seventies, the success rate of reducing poverty varies from state to state. Recent estimates show while all India Head Count Ratio (HCR) was 21.9 percent in 2011-12 states like Madhya Pradesh,
Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha had above all India poverty level. Bihar and Odisha continue to be the two poorest states with poverty ratios of 33.7 and 32.6 percent respectively. Along with rural poverty, urban poverty is also high in Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh. In comparison, there has been a significant decline in poverty in Kerala, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and West Bengal. States like Punjab and Haryana have traditionally succeeded in reducing poverty with the help of high agricultural growth rates. Kerala has focused more on human resource development. In West Bengal, land reform measures have helped in reducing poverty. In Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, the public distribution of food grains could have been responsible for the improvement.
i. What state has the highest rate of poverty among Bihar, Odisha, Punjab, and Assam? (1)
ii. Is it accurate to say that Kerala has eradicated poverty through the distribution of food at highly subsidized rates? (1)
iii. In which Indian states is poverty most prevalent? (2)

Answer

i. Bihar is the poorest states with poverty ratios of 33.7 .
ii. No, the state of Kerala has used human resource development as a means of reducing poverty.
iii. The proportion of poor people is not the same in every state. Poverty is still existing in Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Odisha. Bihar and Odisha continue to be the two poorest states with poverty ratios of 33.7 and 32.6 percent respectively

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Question 24 Marks

India is one of the ancient civilisations in the world. It has achieved multifaceted socio-economic progress during the last five decades. It has moved forward displaying remarkable progress in the field of agriculture, industry, technology, and overall economic development. India has also contributed significantly to the making of world history. India is a vast country. Lying entirely in the Northern hemisphere the mainland extends between latitudes $8^{\circ} 4^{\prime} N$ and $37^{\circ} 6^{\prime} N$ and longitudes $68^{\circ} 7^{\prime} E$ and $97^{\circ} 25^{\prime} E$. The Tropic of Cancer divides the country into almost two equal parts. To the southeast and southwest of the mainland, lie the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep Islands in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea respectively. The southernmost point of the Indian Union was submerged under the seawater in 2004 during the Tsunami.
i. Name the southernmost point of the Indian Union that submerged under the seawater in 2004 during the Tsunami. (1)
ii. Tropic of Cancer divides the country into almost two equal parts. What is the latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer? (1)
iii. Give the names of India's two island groups. (2)

Answer

i. Indira Point submerged under seawater in 2004 during the Tsunami.
ii. The latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer is $23^{\circ} 30^{\prime} N$
iii. Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located in Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep Islands in Arabian Sea.

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Question 34 Marks

All other coloured people were placed in between depending upon their external features. Hitler's racism borrowed from thinkers like Charles Darwin and Herbert
Spencer. Darwin was a natural scientist who tried to explain the creation of plants and animals through the concept of evolution and natural selection. Herbert Spencer later added the idea of survival of the fittest. According to this idea, only those species survived on earth that could adapt themselves to changing climatic conditions. We should bear in mind that Darwin never advocated human intervention in what he thought was a purely natural process of selection. However, his ideas were used by racist thinkers and politicians to justify imperial rule over conquered peoples.
i. Which race was at the top of the Nazi racial hierarchy? (1)
ii. Who were undesirables for the Nazis? (1)
iii. What steps did the Nazis take to establish a racial state after coming into power? (2)

Answer

i. The Nazi ideology believed in a racial hierarchy. In this view blond, blue-eyed, Nordic German Aryans were at the top, while Jews were located at the lowest rung. They came to be regarded as an anti-race, the arch-enemies of the Aryans.
ii. Jews, Gypsies, and blacks living in Nazi Germany were classified as 'undesirables. They were considered as racial inferiors and threatened the purity of the Aryan race. They were widely persecuted. Even Russians and Poles were considered subhuman.
iii. Once the Nazis come to power, they wanted to create an exclusive racial community of pure Germans by eliminating those who were seen as 'undesirables'. They wanted a society of pure and healthy Nordic Aryans. They were considered as 'desirables'. It meant even those Germans, who were seen as impure or abnormal had no right, to exist.

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Social Studies CASE BASED QUESTIONS(4 Mark)

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