Social Studies LONG ANS. QUESTIONS(5 Mark)

(i) It generates a degree of trust and coordination that is necessary for different kinds of people to live together.
(ii) It specifies how the government will be constituted, who will have power to take which decisions.
(iii) It lays down limits on the powers of the government and tells us what the rights of the citizens are.
(iv) It expresses the aspirations of the people about creating a good society.
(v) Constitution is the supreme law that determines the relationship among people living in a territory and also the relationship between the people and the government.

A.The Preamble was adopted with the constitution in the constituent assembly. It came into effect in 1950 along with the constitution.
B. The preamble is based on the Objectives which were drafted and moved in the Constituent Assembly by Jawaharlal Nehru on 13 December 1946.
C. It declares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular democratic republic.
D. It envisages Justice-Social, Economic and political for all the citizens of the Republic.
E. It ensures all types of freedom necessary for the individuals.
F. It strives for equality of status and opportunity to all individuals and safeguards their dignity irrespective of their religious belief or section.
G. It promotes a sense of brotherhood among the citizens.

The objectives of the National Health Policy (2002) are as follows
i. Enhancing and encouraging the contribution of the private sector in the field of providing health care services to all people who can afford to pay.
ii. Giving primacy for prevention and first-line curative initiative.
iii. Emphasising rational use of drugs.
iv. Increasing access to the system of traditional medicine in all the urban and rural dispensaries.
Some of the objectives of the policy can be met through the following methods-
i. Increasing the number of trained nurses or midwives to one nurse and one midwife per village.
ii. Making generic medicines available and affordable to the people in the government hospitals and dispensaries (instead of branded medicines).
Go to Settings to activate Windows.

1. In this kind of unemployment, people appear to be employed.
2. This usually happens among family members who are all engaged in agricultural activities.
3. The work may require the service of five people but engages eight people.
4. If these three people are removed, the work or productivity of the field won't be affected or decline.
5. Since the field requires the service of only five people, the three extra people are disguised unemployed.

(i) This is the transition period during the months of October and November.
(ii) With the apparent movement of the Sun towards the south, the low pressure trough over the northern plains becomes weaker. This is gradually replaced by a high pressure system.
(iii) The south-west monsoon winds weaken and start withdrawing gradually.
(iv) By the beginning of October, the monsoon withdraws from the northern plains.
(v) The months of October and November form a period of transition from hot rainy season to dry winter conditions.
(vi) When monsoons retreat, skies get clear and the temperature rises.
(vii) While day temperatures are high, nights are cool and pleasant. The land is still moist.
(viii) Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes oppressive during the day. This is commonly known as October Heat.
(ix) The low pressure conditions get transferred to the Bay of Bengal by early November.
(x) The cyclonic depressions originate from the Andaman Sea and cause heavy and widespread rains on the eastern coast.
(xi) These tropical cyclones are often very destructive and affect the coast Odisha, West Bengal and Bangladesh.

The Monsoon or rainy season begins from mid - June and lasts till the end of September. By the end of May, pressure over North India becomes lower due to the increasing temperature. This causes air from high-pressure zones over the Indian Ocean to move towards India as monsoon winds. These winds are moisture-laden and cause heavy rainfall in India. Since these winds, called the advancing monsoon, enter India from the southwest, they are called the south-west monsoon. During this time of the year, the southwest monsoon winds start blowing from the sea to land. When these winds strike the mountain barriers, rainfall occurs.

A. Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France. Added to this was the cost of maintaining an extravagant court at the immense palace of Versailles.
B. Under Louis XVI, France helped the thirteen colonies to gain their independence from the common enemy, Britain.
C. The war added more than a billion lives to a debt that had already risen to more than 2 billion livres.
D. Lenders, who gave the state credit, now began to charge 10 percent interest on loans.
E. To meet its regular expenses, such as the cost of maintaining an army, the court, running government offices or universities.

The revolutionary ideas of philosophers encouraged people to fight for their rights.
i. Voltaire wanted people to think about their material life on earth and forget about heaven.
ii. John Locke criticised and refuted the divine and absolute rights of the rulers.
iii. Rousseau put forward the idea of the formation of a government based on a social contract between people and their rulers. Men had the right to withdraw their loyalty to the ruler if they were not satisfied with him.
iv. Montesquieu criticised autocracy and believed that all powers should not be concentrated in one person's hand. They should be divided between the Legislative, the Executive and the Judiciary.
The ideas of these philosophers exposed the evils of society and infused people with the idea of liberty, fraternity, and equality. They inspired people to fight for their rights.