CASE BASED QUESTIONS(4 Mark)

Question 14 Marks

The proportion of people below the poverty line is also not the same for all social groups and economic categories in India. Social groups, which are most vulnerable to poverty are Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe households. Similarly, among the economic groups, the most vulnerable groups are the rural agricultural labour households and urban casual labour households. The average for people below the poverty line for all groups in India is 22 . The double disadvantage of being a landless casual wage labour household in the socially disadvantaged social groups of the scheduled caste or the scheduled tribe population highlights the seriousness of the problem. Some recent studies have shown that except for the scheduled tribe households, all the other three groups (i.e. scheduled castes, rural agricultural labourers and the urban casual labour households) have seen a decline in poverty in the 1990s. Apart from these social groups, there is also inequality of incomes within a family. In poor families all suffer, but some suffer more than others. In some cases, women, elderly people and female infants are denied equal access to resources available to the family.
i. How are women, children, and the elderly the poorest of the poor?
ii. Which social and economic groups are the most vulnerable to poverty?
iii. How do inequities in income occur within a family?

Answer

i. Women, elderly people and female infants are systematically denied equal access to resources available to the family. Therefore, they are the poorest of the poor.
ii. i. The social groups most vulnerable to poverty are scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.
ii. Among the economic groups, the most vulnerable to poverty are the rural agricultural households and the urban casual labour households.
iii. In poor families all suffer, but some suffer more than others. Women, elderly people and female infants are systematically denied equal access to resources available to the family.

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Question 24 Marks

India is one of the most ancient civilizations in the world. It has achieved multifaceted socio-economic progress during the last five decades. It has moved forward displaying remarkable progress in the field of agriculture, industry, technology, and overall economic development. India has also contributed significantly to the making of world history. India is a vast country. Lying entirely in the Northern hemisphere the mainland extends between latitudes $8^{\circ} 4^{\prime} N$ and $37^{\circ} 6^{\prime} N$ and longitudes $68^{\circ} 7^{\prime} E$ and $97^{\circ} 25^{\prime} E$. The Tropic of Cancer divides the country into almost two equal parts. To the southeast and southwest of the mainland, lie the Andaman and Nicobar islands and the Lakshadweep islands in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea respectively.
i. What is the latitudinal position of India?
ii. What is the longitude-wise location of India?
iii. Which latitudinal line divides India into approximately two equal parts? What is the latitudinal value of this line?

Answer

i. $8^{\circ} 4^{\prime} N$ and $37^{\circ} 6{ }^{\prime} N$
ii. $68^{\circ} 7^{\prime} E$ and $97^{\circ} 25^{\prime} E$
ii. The latitudinal line that divides India into two equal parts is the Tropic of Cancer. Its latitudinal value is $231 / 2^{\circ} N$.

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Question 34 Marks

Media was carefully used to win support for the regime and popularise its worldview. Nazi ideas were spread through visual images, films, radio, posters, catchy slogans and leaflets. In posters, groups identified as the 'enemies' of Germans were stereotyped, mocked, abused and described as evil. Socialists and liberals were represented as weak and degenerate. They were attacked as malicious foreign agents. Propaganda films were made to create hatred for Jews. The most infamous film was The Eternal Jew. Orthodox Jews were stereotyped and marked.
i. Jews were portrayed as killers of Christ and usurers. Who were 'usurers'?
ii. What did the Nuremberg Laws mean to the undesirables in Nazi Germany?
iii. Hitler could have resolved the Jewish problem by the method of conversion but he didn't. What could be the possible reason behind it?

Answer

i. Moneylenders charging excessive interest are called Usurers. It is often used as a term of abuse.
ii. The Nuremberg Laws meant that the 'undesirables' had no right to live along with the other citizens. These included Jews, Gypsies, 'Blacks' and other nationalities like Polish and Russian people.
iii. Hitler's hatred of Jews was based on pseudoscientific theories of race, which held that conversion was no solution to 'the Jewish problem'. It could be solved only through their total elimination.

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Social Studies CASE BASED QUESTIONS(4 Mark)

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