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BIOLOGY Case study (4 Marks)

MODEL PAPER 5 · Gujarat Board (GSEB) STD 11 Science (GSEB - English Medium). 2 questions.

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Case study (4 Marks)

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2 questions · self-marked practice — reveal the answer and mark yourself.

Question 14 Marks
The flower is the reproductive unit in the angiosperms. It is meant for sexual reproduction. A typical flower has four different kinds of whorls arranged successively on the swollen end of the stalk or pedicel, called thalamus or receptacle. These are calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. Calyx and corolla are accessory organs, while androecium and gynoecium are reproductive organs. In symmetry, the flower may be actinomorphic (radial symmetry) or zygomorphic (bilateral symmetry). Based on the position of calyx, corolla and androecium in respect of the ovary on the thalamus, the flowers are described as hypogynous, perigynous and epigynous. A flower may be trimerous, tetramerous or pentamerous when the floral appendages are in multiple of 3, 4 or 5, respectively.

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i. Observe the diagram given below. and mention what happens after the given stage. (1)
ii. Is Actinomorphic datura the incorrect match? (1)
iii. When the ovary is superior it is called? (2)

OR


Which of the following represents epigynous? Also, mention what an epigynous flower is (2)

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Answer
i. Ovary develops into a fruit and ovules into seeds.
ii. Mustard, datura, and chili are the actinomorphic flowers as they are divided into two half from any plane.
iii. When the gynoecium is present in the topmost position of the thalamus, the ovary is known as: superior.

OR

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Epigynous flower: The margin of the thalamus grows over and encloses the ovary completely. The margins of the flower get fused with the other parts of the flower which rise above the ovary.
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Question 24 Marks
R.H. Whittaker proposed a Five Kingdom Classification. The kingdoms defined by him were named Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. The main criteria for classification used by him include cell structure, body organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships. The three-domain system has also been proposed that divides the Kingdom Monera into two domains, leaving the remaining eukaryotic kingdoms in the third domain and there by a six kingdom classification. Earlier classification systems included bacteria, blue-green algae, fungi, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and the angiosperms under 'Plants'. The character that unified this whole kingdom was that all the organisms included had a cell wall in their cells.
Robert H. Whittaker (1969)

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i. Observe Robert H. Whittaker (1969) flow chart of classification and mention what type of organisms were included in Kingdom Animalia? (1)
ii. Mention two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (1)
iii. Linnaeus used which kingdom of classification? State two drawbacks of Linnaeus two kingdom classification. (2)

OR

Is Fungi- Autotrophic (Photosynthetic) and Heterotrophic the correct match? Also, Mention the difference between the walls of fungi and green plants. (2)
Answer
i. All organisms are multicellular, eukaryotes with heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
ii.
Prokaryotic cellEukaryotic cell
Genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear envelope and is present suspended in the cytoplasm in a region called nucleoid.Genetic material is enclosed within the nucleus by a nuclear envelope and is not present in direc contact with cytoplasm.
Cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan.Cell wall is made up of chitin in fungi and cellulose in plants.
Nucleolus is absent.Nucleolus is present.
iii. Linnaeus used artificial system kingdom of classification.
Drawbacks of Linnaeus two kingdom classification:
• Linnaeus developed a Two Kingdom system of classification with Plantae and Animalia kingdoms.
• This system did not distinguish between eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular organisms, photosynthetic (green algae) and non-photosynthetic (fungi) organisms.

OR

No, Fungi-Autotrophic (Photosynthetic) and Heterotrophic is not correct match. The walls of the fungi were made of chitin, whereas the green plants had a cellulose cell wall.
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