NEET SECTION - A [ZOOLOGY - MCQ]

B.  Exploitative appreciation of indigenous forms of knowledge by commercial actors.
Explanation:
Bioprospecting is the process of discovery and commercialization of new products based on biological resources. Despite indigenous knowledge being intuitively helpful, bioprospecting has only recently begun to incorporate such knowledge in focusing screening efforts for bioactive compounds.
Bioprospecting may involve biopiracy, the exploitative appropriation of indigenous forms of knowledge by commercial actors, and also includes the search for previously unknown compounds in organisms that have never been used in traditional medicine before.

D. Edward Jenner

D. Uptake of DNA through transient pores in the bacterial cell wall

D. Thermus aquaticus
Explanation:
Taq DNA polymerase is isolated from a thermophilic bacterium, Thermus aquaticus.

B. Left auricle → Left ventricle → Aorta →Arteries → Tissues → Veins → Right atrium
Explanation:
Systemic circulation is the movement of the blood between heart and rest of the body (tissues) and the back to the heart. The oxygenated blood moves from the left auricle into the left ventricle. From here the blood moves into the aorta which ultimately divides into arteries that carry oxygenated blood to various tissues in the body. From the tissues deoxygenated blood is carried by the veins into the right atrium via superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.

C. It has 13 chambered heart and in each segment one pair of ostia are present.
Explanation:
The cockroach is an arthropod in which the circulatory system is open type where the blood pumped by the heart passes through large vessels into open spaces or body cavities called sinuses.

C. (A) - Ovary, (B) - Glucagon, (C) - Growth hormone
Explanation:
The correct option for the three blanks A, B, and C are ovary, glucagon and growth hormone respectively. Oestrogens are secreted by the Graafian follicle, which surrounds the mature ovum in the ovary. They stimulate the female reproductive tract to grow to full size and become functional. They also stimulate the differentiation of ova (oogenesis) in the ovary and stimulate the development of accessory sex characters such as enlargement of breasts, broadening of pelvis, growth of pubic and auxiliary hair, deposition of fat in the thigh; and onset of menstrual cycle. Glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in response to a fall in the blood-glucose level. Somatotropic or growth hormone (STH or GH ) or somatotropin hormone is secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary. Growth hormone stimulates growth and development of all tissues by accelerating protein-synthesis and celldivision and by retaining calcium in the body. Over secretion of growth hormone leads to gigantism.

D. Adrenal

A. Trigeminal nerve
Explanation:
Trigeminal nerve is the largest 5th cranial nerve. It has three branches. Vagus nerve is the 10th cranial nerve and innervates larynx, trachea, oesophagus, stomach, lungs, heart and intestines.
Facial nerve is the 7th cranial nerve and innervates muscles of face and back, taste buds and salivary glands.

D. Rhodopsin is purplish red protein, hence called visual purple.
Explanation:
The space between the cornea and the lens is called the aqueous chamber and contains a thin watery fluid called the aqueous humour. When all the cones are stimulated equally, a sensation of white light is produced. The anterior transparent portion of sclera is called cornea.

C. the absence of photoreceptor cells.
Explanation:
The optic nerves leave the eye and the retinal blood vessels enter it at a point medial to and slightly above the posterior pole of the eyeball. Photoreceptor cells are not present in that region and hence it is called the blind spot. At the posterior pole of the eye, lateral to the blind spot there is a yellowish pigmented spot called macula lutea with a central pit called the fovea.

B. Actin

C. All of these

C. Vertebra-arterial canals
Explanation:
There are 7 cervical vertebrae. All cervical vertebrae have apertures in their transverse processes, known as Foramina transversalis, which form vertebro-arterial-canals on either side for a vertebral artery to pass through to supply the brain and spinal cord.

D. Uric acid
Explanation:
Adenine and guanine are purines which are converted to xanthine and then enzyme xanthine oxidase converts xanthine to uric acid in liver and small intestine. Hence, the final waste product of adenine and guanine metabolism is uric acid.

C. Less urea
Explanation:
Urea is a nitrogenous waste formed as a result of metabolism of various food/bevarages in the body and is excreted in the urine. So, if a person is not taking food/beverages he will have less urea in his urine.

A. (i), (iii), and (iv)
Explanation:
Layers between the glomerular and Bowman's capsule through which the filtration takes place are as follows:
i. Endothelium of the glomerular blood vessel.
ii. Basement membrane between the endothelium of glomerular blood vessels and epithelium of the Bowman's capsule.
iii. Epithelium of the Bowman's capsule.

A. Renal papilla
Explanation:
ZIFT- The distal convoluted tubules of a number of adjacent nephrons open into a common collecting duct or tubule. Collecting ducts (present in medullary pyramids) are long tubules, which traverse through the medulla in the pyramids and opens in the papilla of the medulla (in rabbit) or papilla of the individual medullary pyramid (in human). Several adjacent collecting ducts converge to open into a common short and thick duct of Bellini (present in papilla of medulla). All ducts of Bellini then open at the tip of the papillae into the pelvis.

B. Neanderthal men

D. Mesozoic era
Explanation:- About 66 million years ago the Mesozoic era is known as the golden age of reptiles as reptiles became dominant during this period.

B. ZIFT and IUT
Explanation:
ZIFT- Zygote intrafallopian transfer, is an infertility treatment used when a blockage in the fallopian tubes prevents the normal binding of sperm to the egg. Egg cells are removed from a woman's ovaries, and in vitro fertilized. The resulting zygote is placed into the fallopian tube by the use of laparoscopy.
IUT- is the technique in which an embryo of more than 8 blastomeres is transferred into the uterus.

C. All of these

C. In Vivo Fertilization-Embryo Recovery-Embryo Transfer

C. Menarche
Explanation:
The first menstruation begins at puberty and is called menarche.

A. Four

D. Option (b) is incorrect pair.

B. Endoderm

B. Diaphragm
Explanation:
Diaphragm which receives electrical messages from the brain for breathing in and out, is a domeshaped muscular partition which separates thorax from the abdomen in mammals. It plays major role in breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and so inflates the lung.

D. Option (i) and (ii)
Explanation:
During Inspiration: Contraction of diaphragm takes place. This downward movement of the diaphragm causes less intra-pulmonary pressure than the atmosphere. Simultaneously, the external intercostal muscles also contract and cause the rib cage to be able to move outward. This further increases the pulmonary space and decreases the pulmonary pressure. Both of these movements cause inspiration.

D. Attachment of cells
Explanation:
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions that provide strong adhesion between cells.

D. Dorsal blood vessel
Explanation:
The body of an earthworm is segmented and there are about 100 to 120 metameres or short segments. There is a dark median mid-dorsal blood vessel that is seen on the dorsal surface of the body. The ventral surface of the body has genital openings or pores. Hence, the dorsal surface of the body is marked by a dark median mid-dorsal line along the longitudinal axis of the body representing the dorsal blood vessel.

B. Both (i) and (iii)
Explanation:
Statement (i) and (iii) are correct and statement (ii) and (iv) are incorrect. There are three ganglia lie in the thorax, and six in the abdomen. Each eye consists of about 2000 hexagonal ommatidia.

D. Struthio, Pavo, Aptenodytes, Neophron are the members of Class Aves.

D. Absence of a head
Explanation:
Bivalvia is a Class of Mollusca having a shell composed of the right and left halves. They lack a head. Hence, the absence of the head is a characteristic of Class Bivalvia.

C. Mollusca: Loligo, Teredo, Octopus
Explanation:
Loligo, Teredo, and Octopus belong to phylum Mollusca which are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and coelomate animals.

C. Coloumn I - Petromyzon, Coloumn II - Ectoparasite, Coloumn III - Cyclostomata
Explanation:
Petromyzon is an ectoparasite on some fishes. It belongs to Class Cyclostomata.

A. Miracidium
Explanation:
Miracidium is a free-swimming ciliated larval stage in which a parasitic fluke passes from the egg to its first host, typically a snail.