BIOLOGY 1 Marks Question

Biolistic or gene gun method is used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants. In this, the bomb is bombarded with high velocity micro particles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA due to which the DNA enters the plant cells.

Those animals in which an additional foreign gene is inserted into their DNA by operation which expresses the characteristic, are called transgenic animals.

Biotechnology : “The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services.”

The isolated DNA fragments can be stained with ethidium bromide and exposed to UV radiation.

Gel electrophoresis is a technique in which a slab of agarose gel is loaded with DNA fragments and placed in an electric field and an electric current is passed through it. DNA, being negatively charged, moves towards the positively charged electrode/anode. Larger pieces move more slowly than smaller ones. Thus, DNA fragments separate into different bands according to their molecular size

Palindrome base pair.

Electrophoresis

To grow microorganisms on a commercial scale, a large vessel is required which is called a fermenter.

It acts like a vector.

Separation and isolation of DNA fragments.

Two types simple stirred tank bioreactor and sparged stirred tank bioreactor.

If any protein encoding gene is expressed in a heterologous host then it is called recombinant protein.

Amplification is done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Lysozyme to bacterial cells, plant cells cellulase and fungal cells are broken down by chitinase enzymes, that is, the walls are destroyed by the action of these enzymes.

Isolation of DNA, fragmentation of DNA, binding of DNA fragment to vector, transfer of recombinant DNA to the host, culture of host cells on a large scale in the medium and extraction of the desired product.

In plants by biolistic or gene gun and in animals injected by microinjection method.

This is a process by which a segment of DNA is introduced into the host bacterium.

Staining with a compound called ethidium bromide.

These are negatively charged molecules.

Helps in the work of DNA ligase enzyme

These are groups of letters which when read from both front and back only one word is formed, like 'Malayalam'.

Hind II cuts the DNA molecule at a particular point where there is a particular sequence of six base pairs.

Restriction enzyme is called molecular scissors.

In the bacterium Salmonella Typhimurium.

Viruses that infect bacteria are called. bacteriophages.

Polymerase Chain Reaction. Taq DNA polymerase enzyme is used in this.

(i) EcoRI, (ii) Hind II, (iii) Hind III.

Taq DNA polymerase remains active even at high temperatures.

Restriction endonuclease enzyme is required to isolate the target gene.