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BIOLOGY M.C.Q (1 Marks)

STD 12 - 6. evolution · Gujarat Board (GSEB) STD 12 Science (GSEB - English Medium). 383 questions.

Questions · Page 1 of 8

M.C.Q (1 Marks)

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MCQ 11 Mark
The flippers of the Penguins and Dolphins are the example of the
  • A
     Natural selection
  • ✓
    Convergent evolution
  • C
    Divergent evolution
  • D
    Adaptive radiation
Answer
Correct option: B.
Convergent evolution
b
The correct answer is option ($2$), because the flippers of the Penguins and Dolphins perform similar function but they are not anatomically similar structures. This is example of analogous structures.

- Option ($1$) is incorrect as natural selection is a key mechanism of evolution.

- Option ($3$) is incorrect as divergent evolution results in the formation of homologous structures.

- Option ($4$) is incorrect as adaptive radiation is the process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to the other areas of geography.

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MCQ 21 Mark
Given below are some stages of human evolution.

Arrange them in correct sequence. (Past to Recent)

$A$. Homo habilis $B$. Homo sapiens

$C$. Homo neanderthalensis $D$. Homo erectus

Choose the correct sequence of human evolution from the options given below:

  • A
    $B-A-D-C$
  • B
    $C-B-D-A$
  • ✓
    $A-D-C-B$
  • D
    $D-A-C-B$
Answer
Correct option: C.
$A-D-C-B$
c
Correct answer is option ($3$) because the correct sequence of stages of human evolution from past to recent is

Homo habilis $\rightarrow$ Homo erectus $\rightarrow$ Homo neanderthalensis $\rightarrow$ Homo sapiens

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MCQ 31 Mark
Which one of the following factors will not affect the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
  • A
    Genetic drift
  • B
    Gene migration
  • ✓
    Constant gene pool
  • D
     Genetic recombination
Answer
Correct option: C.
Constant gene pool
c
 The correct answer is option ($3$) as a constant gene pool will not disturb the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Option ($1$), ($2$) and ($4$) will affect the equilibrium leading to evolution.
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MCQ 41 Mark
Select the correct group/set of Australian Marsupials exhibiting adaptive radiation.
  • A
    Lemur, Anteater, Wolf
  • B
    Tasmanian wolf, Bobcat, Marsupial mole
  • ✓
    Numbat, Spotted cuscus, Flying phalanger
  • D
    Mole, Flying squirrel, Tasmanian tiger cat
Answer
Correct option: C.
Numbat, Spotted cuscus, Flying phalanger
c
Option (3) is the correct answer because numbat, spotted cuscus and flying phalanger are Australian marsupials exhibiting adaptive radiation.

Option (4) is incorrect because mole and flying squirrel are placental mammals.

Option (1) is incorrect because lemur and wolf are placental mammals.

Option (2) is incorrect because bobcat is a placental mammal.

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MCQ 51 Mark
Natural selection where more individuals acquire specific character value other than the mean character value, leads to:
  • ✓
    Directional change
  • B
    Disruptive change
  • C
    Random change
  • D
    Stabilising change
Answer
Correct option: A.
Directional change
a
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MCQ 61 Mark
Which of the following statements is not true?
  • A
    Sweet potato and potato is an example of analogy
  • B
    Homology indicates common ancestry
  • ✓
    Flippers of penguins and dolphins are a pair of homologous organs
  • D
    Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution
Answer
Correct option: C.
Flippers of penguins and dolphins are a pair of homologous organs
c
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MCQ 71 Mark
Match List $- I$ with List $- II.$

List $- I$ List $- II$
$(a)$ Adaptive radiation $(i)$ Selection of resistant varieties due to excessive use of herbicides and pesticides
$(b)$ Convergent evolution $(ii)$ Bones of forelimbs in Man and Whale
$(c)$ Divergent evolution $(iii)$ Wings of Butterfly and Bird
$(d)$ Evolution by anthropogenic action $(iv)$ Darwin Finches

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

$(a)- (b)- (c)- (d)$

  • ✓
    $(iv)- (ii) -(ii)- (i)$
  • B
    $(iii)- (ii)- (i) -(iv)$
  • C
    $(ii)- (i)- (iv) -(iii)$
  • D
    $(i) -(iv)- (iii)- (ii)$
Answer
Correct option: A.
$(iv)- (ii) -(ii)- (i)$
a
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MCQ 81 Mark
Which of the following refer to correct example(s) of organisms which have evolved due to changes in environment brought about by anthropogentc action$?$

$(a)$ Darwin's Finches of Galapagos islands.

$(b)$ Herbicide resistant weeds.

$(c)$ Drug resistant eukaryotes.

$(d)$ Man$-$created breeds of domesticated animals like dogs.

  • A
    Only $(d)$
  • B
    Only $(a)$
  • C
    $(a)$ and $(c)$
  • ✓
    $(b),(c)$ and $(d)$
Answer
Correct option: D.
$(b),(c)$ and $(d)$
d
$(b),(c)$ and $(d)$
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MCQ 91 Mark
A Hominid fossil discovered in Java in $1891$ , now extinct, having cranial capacity of about $900$ $cc$ was
  • A
    Australopithecus
  • ✓
    Homo erectus
  • C
    Neanderthal man
  • D
    Homo sapiens
Answer
Correct option: B.
Homo erectus
b
The correct answer is option (2) because fossils recovered in Java in $1891,$ about 1.5 mya, was Homo erectus and had a large brain around $900 cc$

Option (1) is Australopithecus probably lived in East African grasslands, about two mya.

Option (3) is incorrect because cranial capacity for Neanderthal man was $1400 cc$.

Option (4) is incorrect because Homo sapiens arose during ice age between 75,000 to 10,000 years ago.

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MCQ 101 Mark
The phenomenon of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and spreading to other habitats is called
  • ✓
    Adaptive radiation
  • B
    Saltation
  • C
    Co-evolution
  • D
    Natural selection
Answer
Correct option: A.
Adaptive radiation
a
The correct answer is option (1) because the process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas of geography is called adaptive radiation.

Saltation is single step large mutation.

When one organism evolves $w$.r. $t$ evolution in another organism, it is called co-
evolution. e.g. Host-parasite relationship

Natural selection is the process through which population of living organisms that adapt are selected by nature based on reproductive fitness

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MCQ 111 Mark
Embryological support for evolution was proposed by
  • A
    Alfred Wallace
  • ✓
    Ernst Heckel
  • C
    Karl Ernst vol Baer
  • D
    Charles Darwin
Answer
Correct option: B.
Ernst Heckel
b
The correct answer is option embryological support for evolution was proposed by Ernst Heckel, based upon the observation of certain features during embryonic stage common to all vertebrates that are absent in adult.

Alfred Wallace, a naturalist who worked in Malay Archipelago had concluded that natural selection act as mechanism of evolution.

Karl Ernst von Baer disapproved the proposal given by Ernst Hackel and proposed that embryos never pass through the adult stages of other animals.

Charles Darwin proposed natural selection as mechanism of evolution.

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MCQ 121 Mark
Embryological support for evolution was disapproved by
  • A
    Oparin
  • ✓
    Karl Ernst von Baer
  • C
    Alfred Wallace
  • D
    Charles Darwin
Answer
Correct option: B.
Karl Ernst von Baer
b
Karl Ernst von Baer
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MCQ 131 Mark
After about how many years of formation of earth, life appeared on this planet?
  • A
    $50$ billion years
  • B
    $500$ billion years
  • C
    $50$ million years
  • ✓
    $500$ million years
Answer
Correct option: D.
$500$ million years
d
The correct answer is option (4) as life appeared 500 million years after the formation of earth. i.e. almost 4 billion years back.
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MCQ 141 Mark
From his experiments, $S.L.$ Miller produced amino acids by mixing the following in a closed flask
  • A
    $CH _{3}, H _{2}, NH _{3}$ and water vapor at $600^{\circ} C$
  • ✓
    $CH _{4}, H _{2}, NH _{3}$ and water vapor at $800^{\circ} C$
  • C
    $CH _{3}, H _{2}, NH _{4}$ and water vapor at $800^{\circ} C$
  • D
    $CH _{4}, H _{2}, NH _{3}$ and water vapor at $600^{\circ} C$
Answer
Correct option: B.
$CH _{4}, H _{2}, NH _{3}$ and water vapor at $800^{\circ} C$
b
$CH _{4}, H _{2}, NH _{3}$ and water vapor at $800^{\circ} C$
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MCQ 151 Mark
Which of the following statements is correct about the origin and evolution of men ?
  • A
    Agriculture came around $50,000$ years back.
  • B
    The Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus primates existing $15$ million years ago, walked like men.
  • C
    Homo habilis probably ate meat.
  • ✓
    Neanderthal men lived in Asia betweeen $1,00,000$ and $40,000$ years back
Answer
Correct option: D.
Neanderthal men lived in Asia betweeen $1,00,000$ and $40,000$ years back
d
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MCQ 161 Mark
A gene locus has two alleles $A,$ a. If the frequency of dominant allele $A$ is $0.4$ then what will be the frequency of homozygous dominant, heterozygous and homozygous recessive individuals in the population?
  • A
    $0.36(\mathrm{AA}) ; 0.48(\mathrm{Aa}) ; 0.16 \mathrm{(aa)}$
  • B
    $0.16(\mathrm{AA}) ; 0.24(\mathrm{ Aa}) ; 0.36\mathrm{(aa)}$
  • ✓
    $0.16(\mathrm{AA}) ; 0.48(\mathrm{Aa}) ; 0.36 \mathrm{(aa)}$
  • D
    $0.16(\mathrm{AA}) ; 0.36(\mathrm{Aa}) ; 0.48(\mathrm{ aa })$
Answer
Correct option: C.
$0.16(\mathrm{AA}) ; 0.48(\mathrm{Aa}) ; 0.36 \mathrm{(aa)}$
c
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MCQ 171 Mark
Variations caused by mutation, as proposed by Hugo de Vries, are
  • A
    random and directional
  • ✓
    random and directionless
  • C
    small and directional
  • D
    small and directionless
Answer
Correct option: B.
random and directionless
b
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MCQ 181 Mark
A population of a species invades a new area. Which of the following condition will lead to Adaptive Radiation ?
  • A
    Area with large number of habitats having very low food supply
  • B
    Area with a single type of vacant habitat
  • ✓
    Area with many types of vacant habitats
  • D
    Area with many habitats occupied by a large number of species
Answer
Correct option: C.
Area with many types of vacant habitats
c
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MCQ 191 Mark
In Australia, marsupials and placental mammals have evolved to share many similar characteristics. This type of evolution may be referred to as
  • A
    Adaptive Radiation
  • B
    Divergent Evolution
  • C
    Cyclical Evolution
  • ✓
    Convergent Evolution
Answer
Correct option: D.
Convergent Evolution
d
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MCQ 201 Mark
Match the hominids with their correct brain size

$(a)$ Homo habilis $(i)$ $900\; \mathrm{cc}$
$(b)$ Homo neanderthalensis $(ii)$ $1350\; \mathrm{cc}$
$(c)$ Homo erectus $(iii)$ $650-800\; \mathrm{cc}$
$(d)$ Homo sapiens $(iv)$ $1400\; \mathrm{cc}$

Select the correct option.

$(a)\quad (b)\quad (c)\quad (d)$

  • A
    $(iii)\quad  (i)\quad  (iv)\quad  (ii)$
  • B
    $ (iii) \quad (ii) \quad (i) \quad (iv)$
  • ✓
    $(iii) \quad (iv)\quad  (i)\quad  (ii)$
  • D
    $(iv) \quad (iii) \quad (i) \quad (ii)$
Answer
Correct option: C.
$(iii) \quad (iv)\quad  (i)\quad  (ii)$
c
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MCQ 211 Mark
In a species, the weight of newborn ranges from $2$ to $5\; \mathrm{kg} .97 \%$ of the newbom with an average weight between $3$ to $3.3\; \mathrm{kg}$ survive whereas $99 \%$ of the infants born with weights from $2$ to $2.5\; \mathrm{kg}$ or $4.5$ to $5 \;kg$ die. Which type of selection process is taking place?
  • A
    Directional Selection
  • ✓
    Stabilizing Selection
  • C
    Disruptive Selection
  • D
    Cyclical Selection
Answer
Correct option: B.
Stabilizing Selection
b
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MCQ 221 Mark
According to Hugo de Vries, the mechanism of evaluation is
  • A
    Minor mutations
  • ✓
     Saltation
  • C
     Phenotypic variations
  • D
     Multiple step mutations
Answer
Correct option: B.
 Saltation
b
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MCQ 231 Mark
The similarity of bone structure in the forelimbs of many vertebrates is an example of
  • A
    Adaptive radiation
  • ✓
    Homology
  • C
    Convergent evolution
  • D
    Analogy
Answer
Correct option: B.
Homology
b
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MCQ 241 Mark
Among the following sets of examples for divergent evolution, select the incorrect option:
  • ✓
    Eye of octopus, bat and man
  • B
    Forelimbs of man, bat and cheetah
  • C
    Brain of bat, man and cheetah
  • D
    Heart of bat, man and cheetah
Answer
Correct option: A.
Eye of octopus, bat and man
a
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MCQ 251 Mark
The chronological order of human evolution from early to the recent is
  • A
    Australopithecus $\to$ Ramapithecus $\to$ Homo habilis $\to$ Homo erectus
  • ✓
    Ramapithecus $\to$ Australopithecus $\to$ Homo habilis $\to$ Homo erectus
  • C
    Ramapithecus $\to$ Homo habilis $\to$ Australopithecus $\to$ Homo erectus
  • D
    Australopithecus$\to$ Homo habilis $\to$ Ramapithecus $\to$ Homo erectus
Answer
Correct option: B.
Ramapithecus $\to$ Australopithecus $\to$ Homo habilis $\to$ Homo erectus
b
(b)
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MCQ 261 Mark
In Hardy­Weinberg equation, the frequency of heterozygous individual is represented by
  • A
    $p^2$
  • ✓
    $2pq$
  • C
    $pq$
  • D
    $q^2$
Answer
Correct option: B.
$2pq$
b
(b) : In a stable population, for a gene with two alleles, ‘$A$’ (dominant) and ‘$a$’ (recessive), if the frequency of ‘$A$’ is $p$ and the frequency of ‘$a$’ is $q$, then the frequencies of the three possible genotypes ($AA, Aa$ and $aa$) can be expressed by the Hardy­ Weinberg equation :

$p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$

where $p^2$ = Frequency of $AA$ (homozygous dominant) individuals

$q^2$ = Frequency of $aa$ (homozygous recessive) individuals

$2pq$ = Frequency of $Aa$ (heterozygous) individuals

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MCQ 271 Mark
Genetic drift operates in
  • ✓
    small isolated population
  • B
    large isolated population
  • C
    non­ reproductive population
  • D
    slow reproductive population.
Answer
Correct option: A.
small isolated population
a
(a) : The random changes in gene frequencies in a population occurring by chance alone rather than by natural selection are called genetic drift or Sewall wright effect. The effects of genetic drift are most marked in very small isolated population, although it occurs in all populations.
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MCQ 281 Mark
Analogous structures are a result of
  • A
    shared ancestry
  • B
    stabilising selection
  • C
    divergent evolution
  • ✓
    convergent evolution.
Answer
Correct option: D.
convergent evolution.
d
(d) : The organs which have similar functions but are different in their structural details and origin are called analogous organs. The analogous structures are the result of convergent evolution.
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MCQ 291 Mark
Which of the following structures is homologus to the wing of a bird ?
  • A
    Hindlimb of rabbit
  • ✓
    Flipper of whale
  • C
    Dorsal fin of a shark
  • D
    Wing of a moth
Answer
Correct option: B.
Flipper of whale
b
(b) : Homologous organs have same fundamental structure but different function. The wing of a bird and flipper of a whale are structurally forelimbs, which consist of humerus, radio­ulna, carpals, metacarpals and digits but they perform different function. The wings of birds help them to fly while flipper helps the whale to swim.
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MCQ 301 Mark
Following are the two statements regarding the origin of life.

$(A)$ The earliest organisms that appeared on the earth were non­green and presumably anaerobes.

$(B)$ The first autotrophic organisms were the chemoautotrophs that never released oxygen.Of the above statements which one of the following options is correct?

  • ✓
    Both $(A)$ and $(B)$ are correct.
  • B
    Both $(A)$ and $(B)$ are false.
  • C
    $(A)$ is correct but $(B)$ is false.
  • D
    $(B)$ is correct but $(A)$ is false.
Answer
Correct option: A.
Both $(A)$ and $(B)$ are correct.
a
(a)
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MCQ 311 Mark
Which of the following had the smallest brain capacity ?
  • A
    Homo neanderthalensis
  • ✓
    Homo habilis
  • C
    Homo erectus
  • D
    Homo sapiens
Answer
Correct option: B.
Homo habilis
b
(b) : The brain capacity gradually increased from early human ancestors to modern man. Homo habilis had $650- 800cc$ brain capacity which increased around 900cc in Homo erectus. The Neanderthal man (Homo neanderthalensis) had $1400cc$ brain capacity which evolved to around $1450cc$ in Homo sapiens.
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MCQ 321 Mark
Which is the most common mechanism of genetic variation in the population of a sexually reproducing organism ?
  • A
    Genetic drift
  • ✓
    Recombination
  • C
    Transduction
  • D
    Chromosomal aberrations
Answer
Correct option: B.
Recombination
b
(b) : The genetic variations exist due to reshuffling of genes caused by recombinations or by mutations. The recombinations are produced by the routine reshuffling of genes during independent assortment of chromosomes, reciprocal crossing of genes during crossing over and random fertilization of gametes.
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MCQ 331 Mark
A population will not exist in Hardy-­Weinberg equilibrium if
  • A
    there is no migration
  • B
    the population is large
  • ✓
    individuals mate selectively
  • D
    there are no mutations.
Answer
Correct option: C.
individuals mate selectively
c
(c) : Hardy­Weinberg law states that allele frequencies in a population are stable and remain constant from generation to generation when there is random and non­selective mating. In case of lack of random mating, genetic equilibrium maybe disturbed.
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MCQ 341 Mark
Industrial melanism is an example of
  • A
    mutation
  • B
    Neo­-Lamarckism
  • C
    Neo­-Darwinism
  • ✓
    natural selection.
Answer
Correct option: D.
natural selection.
d
(d) : Natural selection is the most widely accepted theory concerning the principal causal mechanism of evolutionary change profounded by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. It results from the differential reproduction (some members of a population produce abundant offspring, some only a few and still others none), one phenotype as compared with other phenotypes in the same population. This determines the relative share of different genotypes which individuals possess and propagate in a population. Industrial melanism supports evolution by natural selection. It is an adaptation where the moths living in the industrial areas developed melanin pigments to match their bodies to the tree trunks.
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MCQ 351 Mark
The wings of a bird and the wings of an insect are
  • A
    phylogenetic structures and represent divergent evolution
  • B
    homologous structures and represent convergent evolution
  • C
    homologous structures and represent divergent evolution
  • ✓
    analogous structures and represent convergent evolution.
Answer
Correct option: D.
analogous structures and represent convergent evolution.
d
(d) : Analogous organs are the organs which have similar function but are different in their structural details and origin. The analogous structures are the result of convergent evolution. The wings of an insect are analogous to wings of a bird because the basic structure of the wings of the insects is different from the wings of bird. However, their function is similar.
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MCQ 361 Mark
In a population of $1000$ individuals $360$ belong to genotype $AA, 480$ to Aa and the remaining $160$ to $aa$. Based on this data, the frequency of allele $A$ in the population is
  • A
    $0.4$
  • B
    $0.5$
  • ✓
    $0.6$
  • D
    $0.7$
Answer
Correct option: C.
$0.6$
c
(c) : According to Hardy Weinberg principle,

$p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1; (p + q)^2 = 1$

$(AA)\ p^2 = 360$ out of $1000$ individual

or $p^2 = 0.36$ Therefore, $p = 0.6$

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MCQ 371 Mark
Which one of the following are analogous structures?
  • A
    Wings of bat and wings of pigeon
  • B
    Gills of prawn and lungs of man
  • C
    Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils ofCucurbita
  • ✓
    Both $(a)$ and $(b)$
Answer
Correct option: D.
Both $(a)$ and $(b)$
d
(d) : The organs which have similar functions but are different in their structural details and origin are called analogous organs. The wings of bat are analogous to wings of pigeon. It is due to the fact that the basic structure of the wings of the mammal is different from the wings of bird. However, their function is similar. Similarly, gills of prawn and lungs of man, both are respiratory organs yet they have very different basic structure.
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MCQ 381 Mark
Dinosaurs dominated the world in which of the following geological eras ?
  • A
    Cenozoic
  • ✓
    Mesozoic
  • C
    Jurassic
  • D
    Devonian
Answer
Correct option: B.
Mesozoic
b
(b) : Dinosaurs dominated in Jurassic period of mesozoic era and were extinct by cretaceous period.
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MCQ 391 Mark
Genetic variation in a population arises due to
  • A
    recombination only
  • ✓
    mutation as well as recombination
  • C
    reproductive isolation and selection
  • D
    mutations only.
Answer
Correct option: B.
mutation as well as recombination
b
(b) : The genetic variations exist due to reshuffling of genes caused by recombinations or by mutations. The recombinations are produced by the routine reshuffling of genes during independent assortment of chromosomes, reciprocal crossing of genes during crossing over and random fertilization of gametes. Mutation is the sudden inheritable discontinuous variation which appears in an organism due to permanent changes in its genotype. Mutation can occur at any stage during the development. Mutations are heritable changes, that is, if they appear in somatic cells they are inherited to daughter cells by mitosis but if they appear in gamete cells they are inherited to the offsprings. The former are known as somatic mutations and latter as germ mutations. They bring about a change in the genetic message and cause variation.
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MCQ 401 Mark
Random unidirectional change in allele frequencies that occurs by chance in all populations and especially in small populations is known as
  • A
    migration
  • B
    natural selection
  • ✓
    genetic drift
  • D
    mutation.
Answer
Correct option: C.
genetic drift
c
(c) : Genetic drift (Sewall Wright effect) is the random change in the frequency of alleles in a population over successive generations in the gametes. Each new generation differs from its parental generation with regard to allele frequencies simply because of random variation in the distribution of gametes. This process is more rapid in smaller populations, or when the alleles concerned confer no apparent benefit compared to their counterparts.
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MCQ 411 Mark
Variation in gene frequencies within populations can occur by chance rather than by natural selection. This is referred to as
  • A
    random mating
  • B
    genetic load
  • C
    genetic flow
  • ✓
    genetic drift.
Answer
Correct option: D.
genetic drift.
d
(d) : Genetic drift (Sewall Wright effect) is the random change in the frequency of alleles in a population over successive generations in the gametes. Each new generation differs from its parental generation with regard to allele frequencies simply because of random variation in the distribution of gametes. This process is more rapid in smaller populations, or when the alleles concerned confer no apparent benefit compared to their counterparts.
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MCQ 421 Mark
The tendency of population to remain in genetic equilibrium may be disturbed by
  • A
    lack of mutations
  • ✓
    lack of random mating
  • C
    random mating
  • D
    lack of migration.
Answer
Correct option: B.
lack of random mating
b
(b) : Hardy­-Weinberg law states that allele frequencies in a population are stable and remain constant from generation to generation when there is random and non­selective mating. In case of lack of random mating, genetic equilibrium maybe disturbed.
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MCQ 431 Mark
The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar function. This is an example of
  • ✓
    analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution.
  • B
    analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution.
  • C
    homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution.
  • D
    homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution.
Answer
Correct option: A.
analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution.
a
(a)
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MCQ 441 Mark
The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge, is called
  • A
    non­random evolution
  • B
    adaptive radiation
  • C
    natural selection
  • ✓
    convergent evolution.
Answer
Correct option: D.
convergent evolution.
d
(d) : Convergent evolution is the development of superficially similar structures in unrelated organisms, usually because the organisms live in the same kind of environment. Examples are the wings of insects and birds and the streamlined bodies of whales and fish. One can say that it is the similar habitat that has resulted in selection of similar adaptive features in different groups of organisms but toward the same function. An example of convergent evolution is the similar nature of the flight/wings of insects, birds, pteridosaurs, and bats. All four serve the same function and are similar instructure, but each evolved independently. Some species of the lens of eyes also evolved independently in various animals.
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MCQ 451 Mark
$A$ : $A$ single large mutation called saltation can produce new species.
$R$ : Mutations are directional
  • A
    Assertion and Reason both are correct and also correct explanation.
  • B
    Assertion and Reason both are correct but not explanation of assertion.
  • ✓
    Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
  • D
    Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer
Correct option: C.
Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
c
Mutations are non-directional.
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MCQ 461 Mark
$A$ : During evolution pouched mammals of Australia survived.
$R$ : Due to lack of competition from any other mammal due to continental drift
  • ✓
    Assertion and Reason both are correct and also correct explanation.
  • B
    Assertion and Reason both are correct but not explanation of assertion.
  • C
    Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
  • D
    Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer
Correct option: A.
Assertion and Reason both are correct and also correct explanation.
a
Continental drift resulted in isolation of pouched mammals in Australia
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MCQ 471 Mark
Select the incorrect statements

$I.$ Natural selection is essential for evolution

$II.$ Natural selection do not include variations

$III.$ Concept of natural selection was given by Hugo de Vries

$IV.$ Mutation is the sudden inheritable change

$V.$ Synthetic theory is also called Neo-Darwinism theory of evolution The correct combination is a

  • A
    $I, II$ and $III$
  • B
    $II, III$ and $IV$
  • C
    $III, IV$ and $V$
  • ✓
    $II$ and $III$
Answer
Correct option: D.
$II$ and $III$
d
Theory of Natural selection This theory was given by Charles Darwin. This theory states that the variations which are favourable to environment inheritable are the major cause of evolution
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MCQ 481 Mark
Evolution is
  • A
    Development of $DNA$ from nucleotides.
  • ✓
    Development of organism through time.
  • C
    Development of a cell from chemicals.
  • D
    cloning
Answer
Correct option: B.
Development of organism through time.
b
Evolution is the event of changes through which an organism is descended from ancestor through time.
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MCQ 491 Mark
Match the following.
Column $- I$ Column $- II$
$(A)$ Lamark $(p)$ Finch bird
$(B)$ De Vries $(q)$ Evening primerose
$(C)$ Darwin $(r)$ Giraffes
$(s)$ Melanic moths
  • A
    $A-r, B-q, C-s$
  • ✓
    $A-r, B-q, C-p$
  • C
    $A-q, B-s, C-p$
  • D
    $A-r, B-s, C-p$
Answer
Correct option: B.
$A-r, B-q, C-p$
b
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MCQ 501 Mark
Identify correct pair
  • A
    Darwin - Mutation Theory
  • B
    De.Vries - Panspermia
  • ✓
    Flippers of panguine and Dolphin - ; Analogous organ
  • D
    All correct
Answer
Correct option: C.
Flippers of panguine and Dolphin - ; Analogous organ
c
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