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Chemistry 2 Marks Questions

Amines · Gujarat Board (GSEB) STD 12 Science (GSEB - English Medium). 47 questions.

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Question 42 Marks
Write the reactions of (i) aromatic and (ii) aliphatic primary amines with nitrous acid.
Answer
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Question 52 Marks
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reaction:
$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_2\xrightarrow[]{\text{Fe}/\text{HCl}}\text{A}\xrightarrow[273\text{K}]{\text{HNO}_2}\text{B}\xrightarrow[]{\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH}}\text{C}$
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Question 62 Marks
Write structures of different isomers corresponding to the molecular formula, C3H9N. Write IUPAC names of the isomers which will liberate nitrogen gas on treatment with nitrous acid.
Answer
  1. $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}-2-\text{CH}_2-\text{NH}_2$

Propan - 1 - amine(pri)

  1. Propan - 2 - amine (pri)

$ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{NH}_2\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3$

  1. $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{C}_2\text{H}_5$

N-methylethanamine (Sec)

primary amine, (a) Propan - 1 - amine, and (b) Propan - 2 - amine will liberate nitrogen gas on treatment with nitrous acid.

$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2+\text{HNO}_2\rightarrow\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH}+\text{N}_2+\text{HCl}\\\text{Propan-1-amine} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Propan-1-ol}$

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Question 92 Marks
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reaction:
$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_2\xrightarrow[]{\text{Fe}/\text{HCl}}\text{A}\xrightarrow[273\text{K}]{\text{NaNO}_2+\text{HCl}}\text{B}\xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{H}_2\text{O}/\text{H}^+}\text{C}$
Answer
$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_2\xrightarrow[]{\text{Fe}/\text{HCl}}\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2\xrightarrow[273\text{K}]{\text{NaNO}_2+\text{HCl}}\text{C}_6\text{H}_5-\stackrel{{+}}{{\text{N}_2}}\stackrel{{-}}{{\text{Cl}}}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Aniline} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Benzendiazonium}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{A}) \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Cloride}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{B})\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \Delta\downarrow{\text{H}_2\text{O}/\text{H}^+}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Phenol}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{C})$
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Question 102 Marks
Describe a method for the identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Also write chemical equations of the reactions involved.
Answer
The three types of amines can be distinguished by Hinsberg method. The sample is treated with benzene sulphonyl chloride, C6H5SO2Cl (Hinsberg’s reagent) followed by treatment with aqueous KOH (5%) solution. Based upon the observations, the following conclusions may be drawn:

  1. If a clear solution is obtained, then it is a primary amine.
  2. If the solution is turbid or ppt appears and remains unaffected by the addition of an acid, the given amine is a secondary amine.
  3. If the sample remains insoluble in alkali and dissolves in an acid, then it is a tertiary amine.

$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{SO}_2\text{Cl}+\text{RNH}_2\rightarrow\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{SO}_2\text{NHR}+\text{HCl}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Primary} \ \ \ \ \text{monoslkyl substituted}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{amine} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{sulphonamide} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ $

$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{SO}_2\text{NHR}+\text{KOH}\rightarrow\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{SO}_2\text{NKR}+\text{H}_2\text{O}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{soluble}$

The secondary amine forms dialkyl sulphonamide which is insoluble in alkali

$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{SO}_2\text{Cl}+\text{R}_2\text{NH}\rightarrow\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{SO}_2\text{NR}_2+\text{HCl}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{secoundary} \ \ \text{dialkyl sulphonamide}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{amine} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{insoluble in alkali})$

Tertiary amine do not react with Hinsberg’s reagent. They do not dissolve in alkali, but dissolve in acid.

$\text{R}_3\text{N}+\text{HCl}\rightarrow\text{R}_3\text{NH}^+\text{Cl}\\\text{Tetiary amine} $

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Question 122 Marks
Give the structure of A, B and C in the following reaction:
$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{I}\xrightarrow[]{\text{NaCN}}\text{A}\xrightarrow[\text{Partial hydolysis}]{\text{OH}^+}\text{B}\xrightarrow[]{\text{NaOH}+\text{Br}_2}\text{C}$
Answer
$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{I}\xrightarrow[]{\text{NaCN}}\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{C}\equiv\text{N}\xrightarrow[]{\text{OH}^+}\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CONH}_2\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{A}) \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Partial}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{B}) \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Ethyl cynid} \ \ \ \ \ \text{hydrolysis}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \Bigg\downarrow{\text{NaOH}+\text{Br}_2}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{C})$
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Question 132 Marks
 An aromatic compound ‘A’ on treatment with aqueous ammonia and heating forms compound ‘B’ which on heating with Br2 and KOH forms a compound ‘C’ of molecular formula C6H7N. Write the structures and IUPAC names of compounds A, B, C.
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Question 142 Marks
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reaction:
$\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}\xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{NH}_3}\text{A}\xrightarrow[]{\text{NaOBr}}\text{B}\xrightarrow[]{\text{NaNO}_2/\text{HCl}}\text{C}$
Answer
$\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}\xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{NH}_3}\text{CH}_3\text{CONH}_2\xrightarrow[]{\text{NaOBr}}\text{CH}_3\text{NH}_2\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Ethanamide} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Methanamide}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{A}) \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{B})\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \Bigg\downarrow{\text{NaNo}_2/\text{HCl}}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\text{OH}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Methanol}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ( \text{C})$
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Question 152 Marks
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reaction:
$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{N}_2\text{Cl}\xrightarrow[]{\text{CuCN}}\text{A}\xrightarrow[]{\text{H}_2\text{O}/\text{H}^+}\text{B}\xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{NH}_3}\text{C}$
Answer
$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{N}_2\text{Cl}\xrightarrow[]{\text{CuCN}}\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CN}\xrightarrow[]{\text{H}_2\text{O}/\text{H}^+}\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COOH}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Cyanobenzene} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Benzoic acid}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{A}) \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{B})\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \Delta\Big\downarrow{\text{NH}_3}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CONH}_2\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Benzamide}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{C})$
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Question 162 Marks
How will you convert:
Methanamine into ethanamine.
Answer
Conversion of Methanamine into Ethanamine.
$\text{CH}_3\text{NH}_2\xrightarrow[]{\text{HONO}}\text{CH}_3\text{OH}\xrightarrow[]{\text{PI}_3}\text{CH}_3\text{I}\xrightarrow[]{\text{KCN}(\text{alc})}\\\text{Methanamine} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Methyl} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Methyl}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{alcohol} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{iodide} \ \ \\\text{CH}_3\text{C}\equiv\text{N}\xrightarrow[\text{Na}/\text{alcohol}]{4(\text{H})}\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2\\\text{methyl}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Ethanamine}\\\text{cynide} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ $
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Question 172 Marks
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reaction:
$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Br}\xrightarrow[]{\text{KCN}}\text{A}\xrightarrow[]{\text{LIAlH}_4}\text{B}\xrightarrow[0^\circ\text{C}]{\text{HNO}_2}\text{C}$
Answer
$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CN}, \ \text{B}-\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COOH} \ \text{and} \ \text{C}=\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CONH}_2.$
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Question 182 Marks
Accomplish the following conversion:
Chlorobenzene to p-chloroaniline.
Answer
Chlorobenzene to p-bromo aniline

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Question 202 Marks
  1. Write structures of different isomeric amines corresponding to the molecular formula, C4H11N.
  2. Write IUPAC names of all the isomers.
  3. What type of isomerism is exhibited by different pairs of amines?
Answer
(i) & (ii) There are total 8 geometrical isomers of the given compound.
  Isomers IUPAC Name
1. $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{NH}_2$ Butan-1 amine or butanamine
2. $ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{NH}_2\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3$ Butan - 2 - amine.
3. $ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2-\text{NH}_2$ 2 - Methylpropanamine
4. $ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{NH}_2\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$ 2 - Methylpropan - 2 - amine
5. $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{NH}-\text{CH}_2$ N - Ethylethanamine
6. $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{NH}-\text{CH}_3$ N - Methylpropanamine
7. $ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}-\text{NH}-\text{CH}_3$ N - Methylpropan - 2 - amine
8. $ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{N}-\text{CH}_3$ N, N - Dimethylethanamine
(iii) a) Pairs 1, 2, 6, 7 Exhibit position isomerism:
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Question 232 Marks
Give the chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds: 
  1. Ethylamine and Aniline.
  2. Aniline and Benzylamine.
Answer
  1. Ethylamine and aniline

Aniline forms an azo-dye with benzenediazoniumchloride through coupling reaction whereas ethylamine does not form an azo-dye.

  1. Aniline and benzylamine

Aniline forms an azo-dye with benzenediazoniumchloride through coupling reaction whereas benzylamine does not form an azo-dye.

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Question 252 Marks
  1. Arrange the following in an increasing order of basic strength in water:

C6H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, (C2H5)3N and NH3.

  1. Arrange the following in increasing order of basic strength in gas phase:

C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, (C2H5)3N and CH3NH2.

Answer
  1. C6H5 NH2 < NH3 < (C2H5)3 N < (C2H5)2 NH in water.
  2. CH3NH2 < C2H5NH2 < (C2H5)2 NH < (C2H5)3N in gas phase.
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Question 272 Marks
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions:

$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{N}_2\text{Cl}\xrightarrow{\text{CuCN}\ \ }\text{A}\xrightarrow{\text{H}_2\text{O/H}^+\ \ }\text{B}\xrightarrow{\text{NH}_3;\Delta\ \ \ }\text{C}$

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Question 282 Marks
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reaction:

$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_2\xrightarrow[]{\text{Fe}/\text{HCl}}\text{A}\xrightarrow[273\text{K}]{\text{NaNO}_2+\text{HCl}}\text{B}\xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{H}_2\text{O}/\text{H}^+}\text{C}$

Answer
$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_2\xrightarrow[]{\text{Fe}/\text{HCl}}\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2\xrightarrow[273\text{K}]{\text{NaNO}_2+\text{HCl}}\text{C}_6\text{H}_5-\stackrel{{+}}{{\text{N}_2}}\stackrel{{-}}{{\text{Cl}}}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Aniline} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Benzendiazonium}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{A}) \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Cloride}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{B})\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \Delta\downarrow{\text{H}_2\text{O}/\text{H}^+}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Phenol}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{C})$
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Question 302 Marks
What are the reactions involved in the reductive removal of nitro group from an aromatic compound?
Answer
$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5-\text{NO}\xrightarrow[\text{Reduction}]{\text{Sn/HCl}\ \ } \text{C}_6\text{H}_5-\text{NH}_5-\text{NH}_2\xrightarrow[(\text{Diazotisation})]{273-278\ \ }\\ \text{Nitrobenzene}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Aniline}\ \ \ \ \ \\\text{C}_6\text{H}_5-\stackrel{{+}}{\hbox{N}}\equiv\text{NCl}^- \ \ \ \ \ \xrightarrow[\text{(Reduction)}]{\text{Aq. H}_3\text{PO}_2\ \ }\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{C}_6\text{H}_6\\ \text{Benzenediazonium chloride}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Benzene}$
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Question 322 Marks
How will you carry out the following conversions?
  1. toluene → p-toluidine.
  2. p-toluidine diazonium chloride → p-toluic acid.
Answer
  1. toluene → p-toluidine.

  1. p-toluidine diazonium chloride → p-toluic acid.

​​​​​​​

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Question 342 Marks
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reaction:

$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_2\xrightarrow[]{\text{Fe}/\text{HCl}}\text{A}\xrightarrow[273\text{K}]{\text{HNO}_2}\text{B}\xrightarrow[]{\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH}}\text{C}$

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Question 352 Marks
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reaction:

$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Br}\xrightarrow[]{\text{KCN}}\text{A}\xrightarrow[]{\text{LIAlH}_4}\text{B}\xrightarrow[0^\circ\text{C}]{\text{HNO}_2}\text{C}$

Answer
$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CN}, \ \text{B}-\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COOH} \ \text{and} \ \text{C}=\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CONH}_2.$
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Question 362 Marks
Give the structure of A, B and C in the following reaction:

$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{I}\xrightarrow[]{\text{NaCN}}\text{A}\xrightarrow[\text{Partial hydolysis}]{\text{OH}^+}\text{B}\xrightarrow[]{\text{NaOH}+\text{Br}_2}\text{C}$

Answer
$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{I}\xrightarrow[]{\text{NaCN}}\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{C}\equiv\text{N}\xrightarrow[]{\text{OH}^+}\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CONH}_2\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{A}) \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Partial}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{B}) \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Ethyl cynid} \ \ \ \ \ \text{hydrolysis}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \Bigg\downarrow{\text{NaOH}+\text{Br}_2}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{C})$
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Question 372 Marks
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reaction:

$\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}\xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{NH}_3}\text{A}\xrightarrow[]{\text{NaOBr}}\text{B}\xrightarrow[]{\text{NaNO}_2/\text{HCl}}\text{C}$

Answer
$\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}\xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{NH}_3}\text{CH}_3\text{CONH}_2\xrightarrow[]{\text{NaOBr}}\text{CH}_3\text{NH}_2\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Ethanamide} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Methanamide}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{A}) \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{B})\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \Bigg\downarrow{\text{NaNo}_2/\text{HCl}}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\text{OH}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Methanol}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ( \text{C})$
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Question 382 Marks
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reaction:

$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{N}_2\text{Cl}\xrightarrow[]{\text{CuCN}}\text{A}\xrightarrow[]{\text{H}_2\text{O}/\text{H}^+}\text{B}\xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{NH}_3}\text{C}$

Answer
$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{N}_2\text{Cl}\xrightarrow[]{\text{CuCN}}\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CN}\xrightarrow[]{\text{H}_2\text{O}/\text{H}^+}\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COOH}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Cyanobenzene} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Benzoic acid}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{A}) \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{B})\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \Delta\Big\downarrow{\text{NH}_3}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CONH}_2\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Benzamide}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{C})$
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Question 392 Marks
A primary amine, RNH2 can be reacted with CH3-X to get secondary amine, R-NHCH3 but the only disadvantage is that 3° amine and quaternary ammonium salts are also obtained as side products. Can you suggest a method where RNH2 forms only 2° amine?
Answer
$\text{RNH}_2\xrightarrow{\text{KOH}/\text{CHCl}_3}\text{RNC}\xrightarrow{\text{H}_2/\text{Pd}}\text{RNHCH} _3$

Carbylamine reaction is shown by 1° amine only which results in the replacement of two hydrogen atoms attached to nitrogen atom of NH2 group by one carbon atom. On catalytic reduction, the isocyanide will give a secondary amine with one methyl group.

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Question 412 Marks
Answer
  1. In CH3NH2, the +I effect of -CH3 group makes lone pair of electrons on N-atom more available for donation. On the other hand in C6H5NH2, the resonance effect causes delocalisation of lone pair of electrons over benzene ring and makes it less available for donation.

Hence, CH3NH2 is more basic than C6H5NH2.

  1. CH3NH2 is more basic than NH3. CH3 group due to its +ve I effect pushes electron towards nitrogen in $\text{CH}_3\stackrel{{..\ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}{\hbox{N}\text{H}_2}$ and this makes the unshared electron pair more available for sharing with the proton of the acid.
  2.  

is stronger base than

as CH3 group is electron releasing by +I effect and hyperconjugation effect.

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Question 422 Marks
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions:

$\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_2\xrightarrow{\text{Fe/HCl}\ \ }\text{A}\xrightarrow{\text{HNO}_2;273\text{K}\ \ }\text{B}\xrightarrow{\text{NH}_3;\Delta\ \ }\text{C}$

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Question 432 Marks
Answer the following questions:
Illustrate the following reactions:
  1. Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction.
  2. Coupling reaction.
Answer
  1. Hoffmann bromamide reaction: When a primary acid amide is heated with an aqueous or ethanolic solution of NaOH or KOH and bromine (i.e., NaOBr or KOBr), it gives a primary amine with one carbon atom less.

$\text{R}-\text{CONH}_2+\text{Br}_2+4\text{NaOH}\xrightarrow{ \ \ \ \ }\text{R}-\text{NH}_2+\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3+2\text{NaBr}+2\text{H}_2\text{O}\\ \ \ \text{Acid amid} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1^*\text{a mine}$

  1. Reactions involving retention of diazo group:

Coupling reaction: The reaction of diazonium salts with phenols and aromatic amines to form azo compounds of the general formula, Ar-N = N-Ar is called coupling reaction. The mechanism is basically that of electrophilic substitution where the diazonium ion is electrophile. In this reaction, the nitrogen atoms of the diazo group are retained in the product. The coupling with phenols takes place in mildly alkaline medium while with amines, it occurs under faintly acidic conditions. For example,

Coupling generally occurs at the p-position, w.r.t., the hydroxyl or the amino group, if free, otherwise it takes place at the O-position.

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Question 442 Marks
Differentiate between globular and fibrous proteins.
Answer
Difference between globular protein and fibrous protein:
 
Fibrous protein
Globular protein
1.
It is a fibre-like structure formed by the polypeptide chain. These proteins are held together by strong hydrogen and disulphide bonds.
The polypeptide chain in this protein is folded around itself, giving rise to a spherical Structure.
2.
It is usually insoluble in water, but soluble in strong acids and bases.
It is usually soluble in water, acids, bases and salts.
3.
They have comparatively stronger intermolecular forces of attraction.
They have weak intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
4.
Example: Collagen, fibroin, myosin, hair, skin,silk, wool, etc.
Egg, albumin, casein of milk, insulin.
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Question 452 Marks
Explain the observed Kb order:
Et2NH > Et3N > EtNH2 in aqueous solution.
Answer
Due to combination of +I effect, solvation effect and steric hindrance of ethyl group the basic strength of ethyl substituted amines in aqueous solution is as follows:
Et2NH > Et3N > EtNH2
As a stronger base has a higher Kb value, therefore, Kb value decreases in the order:
Et2NH > Et3N > EtNH2
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Question 462 Marks
What are nucleic acids? Mention their two important functions.
Answer
Nucleic acids are biomolecules found in the nuclei of all living cells, as one of the constituents of chromosomes. There are mainly two types of nucleic acids - deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleic acids are also known as polynucleotides as they are longchain polymers of nucleotides.
Two main functions of nucleic acids are:
  1. DNA is responsible for the transmission of inherent characters from one generation to the next. This process of transmission is called heredity.
  2. Nucleic acids (both DNA and RNA) are responsible for protein synthesis in a cell. Even though the proteins are actually synthesised by the various RNA molecules in a cell, the message for the synthesis of a particular protein is present in DNA.
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Question 472 Marks
How are vitamins classified? Name the vitamin responsible for the coagulation of blood.
Answer
Vitamins are classified into two groups depending upon their solubility in water or fat.

  1. Fat soluble vitamins: Vitamins which are soluble in fat and oils but insoluble in water. These are Vitamins A, D, E, and K.
  2. Water soluble vitamins: Vitamins which are soluble in water. These are B group vitamin and vitamin C.

Vitamin K is responsible for the coagulation of blood.

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