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Social Science 4 Marks Each

Movement Towards A New World · Gujarat Board (GSEB) STD 9 (GSEB - English Medium). 7 questions.

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7 questions · timed · auto-graded

Question 14 Marks
Write the effects of the World War II.
Answer
  • The effects / consequences of the Second World War are as follows
  • $1.$ Economic effects : The war expenditure was enormous for the participant nations.
  • America had spent $350$ billion dollars and the other nations had spent more than $1000$ billion
  • In England public and private property worth $2$ billion pounds was destroyed and the destruct- tion of property in Germany was far too large.
  • Economy of these nations were shattered and common people suffered.
  • In Europe there was acute shortage of essential commodities, price escalation, unemployment and starvation.
  • Nations all over the world were pushed into economic depression.
  • $2.$ Establishment of the Communist government in China: China and many other nations in the world were impressed by the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in $1917.$
  • Japan was defeated in the Second World War and its control over China had slackened.
  • The Communist Revolution took Place in China under the leadership of Mao-Tse-tung The Communist Party established its rule on mainland China on $1st$ October, $1949.$
  • $3.$ Cold War: The $USA$ America and the $USSR ($Russia$)$ emerged as the Superpowers at the end of the Second World War.
  • The ideological conflict: between these two led to the formation of the capitalist. and the communist blocs, Many small nations Joined either of these blocs out of fear.
  • The ideological conflict, the war of words and the race for nuclear armaments Created a tense Situation around the world, which is described as the ‘Cold War’
  • 4. Establishment of the United Nations : In order to maintain world peace, collective security and peaceful co-existence, the United Nations was established on $24th$ October, $1945.$
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Question 24 Marks
Discuss the factors responsible for World war II.
Answer
  • The factors that caused the out break of the World War II are as follows
  • Fierce Nationalism:
  • Nationalism assumed fierce form the first world war in Germany Italy and japan.
  • The Nazi party in Germany and the Fascist party in italy promoted aggressive nationalism among their people.
  • Japan adopted the policy of imperialism and promoted fierce nationalism among its people.
  • Groupism :
  • As France was afraid of Germany, it entered into treaties of friendship with Belgium, Poland, Romania and Czechoslovakia.
  • Italy. too. entered into treaties with Czecho- slovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, Hungary and Greece. Subsequently Italy joined ‘Rome - Berlin-Tokyo Axis’.
  • Russia signed treaties with Germany, Turkey, Lithuania and iran.
  • Germany signed Non-aggression pact with Russia.
  • England and France formed the group of democratic nations.
  • Groupism vitiated the atmosphere in Europe.
  • Militarism: The fear that had engulfed Europe led to competition among the European nations to acquire the most destructive weapons.
  • Russia and Germany introduced conscription - compulsory military training.
  • The European nations expanded their army. navy and air force. Japan and America, too, entered into this competition.
  • Failure of the League of Nations: The League of Nations did not posssess its armed forces. It failed to restrain the acts of aggression of the imperialists Japan, Italy and Germany.
  • Treaty of Versailles: The seeds of the Second World War were sown by the Treaty of Versailles and at Paris Peace Conference.
  • Germany was declared as responsible for the First World War and it was forced to pay war compensation of $6.5$ billion pounds.
  • Germany's mineral rich Saar province was handed over to France for a period of $15$ years.
  • The Treaty of Versailles was unjust and imposed humiliating, conditions on Germany.
  • Injustice was also dealt to Japan and Italy at the Paris Peace Conference. $6.$Imperialist ambitions of Adolf Hitler
  • Hider was an advocate of militant nationalism. He had ambition to unify all German territories
  • under his rule.
  • He annexed Austria in March, $1938.$ Czechoslovakia In October, $1938$ and Mamal Port of Lithuania in March, $1939.$
  • German invasion of Poland : German invasion of Poland on $1st$ September, $1939$ was the immediate cause of the Second World War.
  • Germany ignored the ultimatum given by England and France to withdraw its troops from Poland.
  • As a result, England and France declared war on Germany on 3rd September, $1939.$
  • This led to the outbreak of the Second World War.
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Question 34 Marks
How was the United Nations formed$?$
Answer
  1. America’s efforts to establish United Nations had already begun from the time it joined the Second World War.
  2. The American President Roosevelt made four important announcements regarding freedom while giving his message to the American Congress, with the intention of human freedom, peace and security, Viz;
    • Freedom of speech
    • Freedom of worship
    • Freedom from want
    • Freedom from fear.
  3. President Roosevelt and the British Prime Minister Churchill prepared an eight-point agreement while they were on a ship in the Atlantic Ocean. So, it is known as Atlantic Agreement.
  4. The Agreement included matters like maintaining freedom and sovereignty of every nation, peace, security, social and economic welfare and disarmament.
  5. Then the foreign ministers of Britain, America, Russia (Soviet Union) and China met in Moscow, for world peace, which came to be known as Moscow Declaration.
  6. In November $1943,$ three superpowers held a conference in Tehran.
  7. The representatives of $50$ nations prepared the agreement for the United Nations at Washington on September, $1944.$
  8. On $24th$ October $1945,$ the $51$ member nations declared the establishment of United Nations.
  9. India is also a part of it.
  10. Since then, $24th$ October is celebrated as United Nations Day all over the world.
  11. Presently, $193$ nations are members of the United Nations and two observer states.
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Question 44 Marks
Write a note on Militarism in Japan.
Answer
Militarism in Japan:
  1. Japan had fought against Germany in the First World War.
  2. At the end of War, according to the Treaty of Versailles $(1919),$ Japan got the benefit of the provinces of China.
  3. On the other hand, England and France distributed many regions of Germany between them.
  4. Japan was quite unhappy with this division.
  5. In a meeting held in $1921 -22$ in Washington, Japan was forced to agree to have only $35\%$ of naval force as compared to that of the English and American forces.
  6. Japan also had to vacate the islands of Sakhalin and Siberia.
  7. Japan was also not admitted as a permanent member of the League of Nations.
  8. The Japanese youth got too angry with these unjust divisions and decisions.
  9. At the same time, elections took place in Japan. The parties supporting militarism got the majority and hence came in power.
  10. The military nationalism of Japan adopted the policy of imperialism and expansion and the western countries could not stop them.
  11. Japan captured Manchuria- (in China) and established Manchukuo government in $1932.$
  12. Japan also captured Korea, Mongolia, Shantung and some provinces of China.
  13. It also improved its relation with Germany and Italy.
  14. After Emperor Meiji, Emperor Hirohito also continued these Japanese activities in $1936.$
  15. By $1933,$ Japan broke all its ties with the League of Nations.
  16. Japan’s policy of expansion and impenalism and its act of breaking all ties with League of Nations showed that Japan was ready for a war.
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Question 54 Marks
Write a note on Nazism in Germany.
Answer
Nazism in Germany:
  1. Germany had lost the First World War. So, it was economically ruined.
  2. To add to it, the Paris Peace Process forced Germany to sign the Treaty of Versailles. This ruined Germany further.
  3. Germans were extremely angry with this unjust treaty.
  4. In $1919,$ Adolf Hitler joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party. This party came to be known as the Nazi Party.
  5. The philosophy of Nazi Party focused on nationalism and socialism.
  6. When German President Hindenbum died, Hitler assumed the pos.t and established his dictatorial rule.
  7. He adopted very severe and aggressive policies and led Germans towards narrow nationalism.
  8. German considered Hitler as their ‘Fuhrer’ (i.e. Saviour).
  9. Nazi soldiers wore blue military uniform and tied a red strip on their shoulders. They also wore a symbol of ‘Swastika’.
  10. Hitler was highly authoritative and militarist.
  11. He aimed at making Germany as a superpower in the world.
  12. Hitler made policies to massacre Jews, Gypsies and mentally challenged people on the name of purifying German race.
  13. The Nazi party killed several lacs European Jews by the end of the Second World War.
  14. This event in history is known as the ‘Holocaust’ (genocide).
  15. Hitler’s policies of expansion and militarism against neighbnouring countries and the policy of killing certain groups led to the Second World War and became and important reason for the same.
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Question 64 Marks
Write a note on Fascism in Italy.
Answer
Fascism in Italy:
  1. At the end of the First World War, Italy incurred a massive expenditure of $12$ billion dollars and lost $6$ lakh soldiers.
  2. In spite of the huge loss and contribution that Italy gave in the war, the other winning nations took over the territories of their choice and ignored Italy.
  3. As a result, Italy got angry and frustrated.
  4. Italians felt very hurt and their nationalistic feelings were haken. They held their government responsible for not getting anything at the end of the war inspite of losing so much money and soldiers, Hence, they became eager to take revenge about this national humiliation.
  5. In order to free Italy from such a desperate situation, Benito Mussolini established the Fascist Party in Italy.
  6. He adopted ‘a bundle of sticks and axe’ which was in fact a symbol of supremacy of the Roman Emperors as the symbol of his party.
  7. The word ‘Fascism’ has evolved from Italian word ‘facege’ which means absolute control of the state on everything.
  8. Mussolini followed the principle of ‘One party, One leader’.
  9. He gave military training to his party volunteers. The volunteers wore black uniform. ‘
  10. After coming to power, Mussolini capture Rhodes and Dodecanese islands from Turkey.
  11. He also won Albania, Abyssinia and Fume port in $1924.$
  12. After these victories, Mussolini broke all the ties with the League of Nations.
  13. It then signed a combined treaty with Germany and Tokyo. This treaty was a military alliance between the three countries and it was called Tripartite Pact or say ‘Roma-Berlin-Tokyo’Axis.
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Question 74 Marks
Write about the establishment of the ‘ United Nations.
Answer
  • In spite of having entered the Second World War, President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the $USA$ had taken the initiative to establish another international organisation to preserve human freedom, world peace and security.
  • In his message to the American Congress on $6th$ January, $194]$ President Roosevelt ; had underlined the need for $(1)$ freedom of Speech and expression $(2)$ freedom of religion $(3)$ freedom from hunger $($economic freedom$)$ and $(4)$ freedom from fear.
  • The Atlantic Charter $($wrongly given as . Agreement in the textbook$)$ was signed by President Roosevelt of the $USA$ and Prime c Minister Churchill of England on $4th$ August, $1941$. This Charter included such vital matters maintaining sovereignty of every nation, peace, security, disarmament and social and economic welfare of people.
  • The Moscow Declaration was issued by the foreign ministers of the $USA,$ Great Britain, the $USSR$ and China in October, $1943$ which underlined the principles of the future international organization.
  • Tehran declaration was issued in November $1943$ by Roosevelt churchil and stalin
  • At the Dumbarton oaka conference in washingion in September $1944$ the united nations Agreement was finalized.
  • at the san Francisco conference the $UN$ charter was finalized in june,$1945.$
  • the un charter was signed by the representatives of $51$ nations on $24^{\mathrm{th}}$ October $1945$ india was one of the signatories thereby the united nations came into existence.
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4 Marks Each - Social Science STD 9 Questions - Vidyadip