Biology [2 Mark Question Answer]

Reasons for the increase of population in India:

• Most Indian families desire to have at least one son. Hence, a couple produces several children till a son is born.
• Most of the rural population is still illiterate, ignorant and superstitious. Therefore, they do not make any effort to avoid pregnancy. 

Two advantages of small family are:
(a) Parents can give more attention to their children.
(b) Small family helps every country in controlling the growth of population.

The rate of growth of population of the world is 1.092% (this rate results in about 145 net additions to the worldwide population every minute or 2.4 every second {2011 estimates}) and for India is 1.344%.

Rate of growth of population: It is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate. As long as the birth rate exceeds the death rate, the population grows. If the birth rate is lower than the death rate, the population declines.

(i) Tool making revolution.
(ii) Agricultural revolution.
(iii) Scientific industrial revolution.

Tubectomy: It is a surgical procedure performed on females for permanent contraception, commonly known as female sterilisation. During tubectomy, the fallopian tubes are surgically cut, tied, or blocked to prevent the eggs from traveling from the ovaries to the uterus. This means that the sperm cannot meet the egg, and fertilisation cannot occur.

IUD (Intrauterine Device): An IUD is a contraceptive device that is inserted into a woman's uterus to prevent pregnancy.It is a long-term and reversible method of birth control and can be effective for several years.

Carrying Capacity: Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals of a species that a particular environment can sustain over the long term without degrading the environment. It is a critical concept in ecology and population biology.

Death Rate: Death rate, also known as mortality rate, is the number of deaths that occur in a population over a specific period, usually per 1,000 individuals. It provides insights into the health and mortality patterns within a population.

Physical Enumeration: Physical enumeration is the process of counting and recording the number of individuals in a population by physically observing and counting them. This can be done through surveys, censuses, or other data collection methods.

Age Ratio: Age ratio refers to the proportion of individuals in a population belonging to different age groups. It is often represented as a ratio or percentage and is used in demographic studies to understand the distribution of age within a population.