Science Do as directed; [1 M ]

Goblet cell is a simple columnar epithelial cell which is modified to secrete mucus. It is seen in the intestine and other parts of the alimentary canal.

Themuscular tissue is responsible for movement in our body.

Skeletal muscles are called striated muscles because when we observed this skeletal muscles under the microscope they have a striped like appearance & they also show alternate dark and light striations or bands. They are long or elongated, non tapering and cylindrical, unbranched. They are multinucleated.

Smooth muscles.

Cardiac muscle cells are located in the walls of the heart, appear striated, and are under involuntary control. Smooth muscle fibers are located in walls of hollow visceral organs, except the heart, appear spindle-shaped, and are also under involuntary control.

Sclerenchymatous tissue.

1. The common name of xylem is wood.
2. The common name of phloem is bast.

Glandular epithelium is a type of epithelial tissue which covers the glands (both exocrine and endocrine) of our body. Coming to their function, Both endocrine and exocrine glands produce their secretions through the glandular epithelium via special cells called goblet cells.

The main components of xylem are:

1. Xylem tracheids,
2. Xylem vessels,
3. Xylem parenchyma,
4. Xylem fibres.

1. Xylem tracheids and xylem vessels are responsible for the conduction of water and minerals because they are elongated tubular channels with wide lumen.
2. Xylem tracheids possesses pits with pores and vessels possess perforated plates through which they are able to conduct water and minerals from one cell to the another.

On the basis of arrangement of layers, epithelial tissue is classified into two types:

• Simple epithelium
• Stratified epithelium.

Skeletal or striated muscle gets fatigued very soon. These are voluntary muscels.

Tissue which is composed of two or more types of cells but contribute to a common function is called complex tissue.

Companion cell is living cell which is attached to the lateral side of sieve tube.

Stomata are tiny pores present on the leave’s surface which help in the exchange of gases and in transpiration.

The cells of bones are called osteocytes. Bone cells are embedded in a hard matrix that is composed of calcium and phosphorus compounds.

It is also called tigroid body, found in neurons. it was named after Franz Nissl, German neurologist.
Function:

1. These granules are rough endoplasmic reticulum (with ribosomes) and are the site of protein synthesis.
2. Nissl bodies show changes under various physiological conditions and in pathological conditions they may dissolve and disappear (karyolysis).

Cork is the example of protective tissue in the plants.

Blood platelets help in clooting of blood at the site of injury.

1. Multinucleate muscle fibre: Striated muscle fibres which are present in limbs, tongue, hands.
2. Spindle shaped Fibre: Unstriated muscle fibres which are present in iris of the eye, bronchi.

The striated muscle cells are long, cylindrical, unbranched and multinucleate.

Division of labour is adaptation of different parts of an organism to carry out different functions.

Squamous epithelium is also called pavement epithelium as it is made up of single thin layer of flattened cells.

The types of simple tissues are parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma and aerenchyma.

Connective tissues perform a variety of functions including support and protection. The following tissues are found in the human body, ordinary loose connective tissue, fat tissue, dense fibrous tissue, cartilage, bone, blood and lymph, which are all considered connective tissue.

Ligament connects two bones together at joints.

Epidermis having thick cuticle and dermal tissue to prevent the invasion of parasites and other harmful agents.

A tissue is a group of cells of the same type or mixed type having a common origin and performing a common function.

Connective tissue with a fluid matrix → Blood.

Lignin is deposited in the cell wall of sclerenchyma.

The main function of vascular tissues is to transport water and food in the plant. The Xylem is known to conduct water and Phloem conducts food in the form of sugars.

Each stomata is surrounded by a pair of guard cells. Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata.

Connective tissues are most abundant and widely distributed in the body of complex animals.

Collenchyma is a simple permanent tissue which provides mechanical strength as well as flexibility to the plant organs.

Nerve impulse travel along the axons and dentrites. Nerve impulses enter a neuron along the dentrites and leave the neuron along the axon. Thus, the correct sequence through which nerve impulse is transmitted is: dendrites, cell body, axon, nerve endings.

The cells of phloem are called sieve tubes. Sieve tubes are conducting element of phloem which is responsible for transportation of food.

Meristematic tissue is present in plants but absent in animals.

Root nodules: It contain nitrogen fixing bacteria and fixes atmospheric nitrogen in soil.

A coverslip must always be places very gently while mounting in order to avoid the entry of air bubbles.

Sclerenchyma is the simple tissue used for making ropes. It is the tissue that makes the plant hard and stiff as seen in the husk of the coconut. On the walls of sclerenchyma is lignin that provides tensile strength which is good for making ropes.

A permanent tissue is a group of cells which temporarily or permanently cease to divide have assumed a definite form and size.

1. Apical meristem: Shoot apes.
2. Lateral meristem: Cambium.

Leaves, fruits, and flowers are the regions where the parenchyma tissue is present.

Although the nervous system is very complex, there are only two main types of cells in nerve tissue. The actual nerve cell is the neuron. It is the "conducting"cell that transmits impulses and the structural unit of the nervous system. The other type of cell is neuroglia, or glial, cell.

Stomata: It helps in gaseous exchange between the plant and atmosphere. Transpiration also takes place through stomata.

Tissue is a group of cells that are similar in structure and are organized together to perform a specific task.

Synapse is the junction between the terminal part of one axon and the dendrite of the adjacent neuron. Synapses helps in the transmission of impulses from one neuron to another.

Collenchyma tissue is irregularly thickened at the corners due to the depositon of pectin and cellulose.

Three types of simple tissues of plants are:

• Parenchyma.
• Collenchymas.
• Selerenchyma.

Respiratory tract and Fallopian duct of women. Explanation: Ciliated means hair and the structure which bear hair are made up of ciliated epithelium.

Connective tissue is called as it connects different tissues through the protein substance present in it.

Animals consume more energy as compared to plants as they move around in search of food, mates and shelter.

Bone cells are embedded in a hard matrix that is composed of calcium and phosphorus compounds.

Bone is a dense connective tissue in which matrix is solid.

Sclarenchyma.Explanation:
Sclarenchyma is a long, dead cell with a deposite of lignin on their cell wall. They have no intercellular space. Sclarenchyma occur around the vascular tissue in stems, in the veins of leaves and in the covering of seeds and nuts. they provide strengths to plant.

Stomata are tiny pores present on the leave’s surface which help in the exchange of gases and in transpiration.

Commercial cork is obtained from the cork oak tree.

Active movement of animals and sedentary habit of plants contribute more to difference in organ system of plants and animals.

Cardiac muscle fibres: It helps in rhythmic contraction and relaxation of heart throughout life.

The muscle of heart is known as cardiac muscle.

Collenchyma is the simple tissue that provides flexibility to soft aerial plant parts to withstand against winds.

They both are tissues of plants. Both of them are composed of cells and have their own functions.
Some meristamatic and permanent tissues are homogeneous and consists of one cell only.

In general, xylem tissue is composed of vessel elements and/or tracheids, fibers and parenchyma. In mature, functioning xylem only the parenchyma cells are living.

Iris sphincter muscle.

That forms the inner lining of our mouth → Epithelial tissue.

Collenchyma tissue provides flexibility to plants so that they can easily bend without breaking. It also provides mechanical support to plants.

Columnar epilthelium has pillar-like cells.

The tissue present in brain is called "NERVOUS TISSUE"

Blood is fluid connective tissue which has fibreless matrix.

Simple tissue is made up of only one type of cells that carry out the same function.

Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans → Dense regular connective tissue (tendons).

Blood platelets occur in human blood. They are minute, colourless, biconvex and non-nucleated blood corpuscles. They help in clotting of blood at the site of injury.

Tissues with dead cells are more common in plants.

There are two types of plant tissues- Meristematic and permanent.

Sieve tube is multicellular.

Companion cells are found associated with sieve tubes and helps in conduction of food.

The tissue of a leaf that is found in between upper and lower epidermis is the mesophyll.

Smooth muscle or unstriated muscle is commonly found in visceral organs.

Functions of Collenchyma:

1. It provides mechanical support and elasticity.
2. It provides tensile strength to the plants.

In aquatic plants, large air cavities are present in parenchyma to give buoyancy to the plants to help them float. Such a parenchyma type is called aerenchyma.

Areolar tissue is commonly known as packaging tissue. It is basic type of connective tissue present all over in the body.

Sclerenchyma is a type of simple permanent tissue which is used for making ropes.

Tendon is a form of connective tissue.

Epithelial tissue is the simplest animal tissue which composed of one or more layer of cells. This tissue protects the entire animal body.

The root of the iris is the thinnest and most peripheral. The muscle cells of the iris are smooth muscle in mammals and amphibians, but are striated muscle in reptiles (including birds).

Tissue present in the brain → Nervous tissue.

Tissue is a group of cells that are similar in structure and are organised together to perform a specific task.

Sclerenchyrna fibres are thick walled dead cells while parenchyma cells are thin walled living cells.

Lignin, a chemical substance is deposited in the secondary wall of sclerenchyma.

Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs throughout the body. Smooth muscle contractions are involuntary movements triggered by impulses that travel through the autonomic nervous system to the smooth muscle tissue. The arrangement of cells within smooth muscle tissue allows for contraction and relaxation with great elasticity. The smooth muscle in the walls of organs like the urinary bladder and the uterus allow those organs to expand and relax as needed. The smooth muscle of the alimentary canal (the digestive tract) facilitates the peristaltic waves that move swallowed food and nutrients. In the eye smooth muscle changes the shape of the lens to bring objects into focus. Artery walls include smooth muscle that relaxes and contracts to move blood through the body.

Two types of conducting tissues are found in plants- Xylem and Phloem.

Functions of areolar tissue:

1. It helps in supporting internal organs.
2. It helps in repairing the tissues of the skin and muscles.

Bronchial muscle.

Meristematic tissues are found in apical, intercalary and lateral positions in plants.

Cardiac muscle fibre contains intercalated discs.

Adipose tissue is also known as fat storing tissue. It is present in hump of camel and blubber of ehale.

The main function of parenchyma is to provide support to the plant and also store food.

When many cells togetherly comes there the tissue forms.

The outermost layer of the cell is called epidermis and is very porous. These pores are called stomata. These stomata help in transpiration and exchange of gases.

Parenchyma tissues are the most abundant tissues found in plants.

Adipose tissue.

It is found in the alveoli of lungs and blood vessels.

Tissue that transports food in plants → Phloem.

Sclerenchyma is the main mechanical tissue of the plants. It provides strength to the plants and enables them to withstand various strains.

Muscular tissues are involved in this case.

The other name of cork cambium is phellogen.