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Science Distinguish Between :

[ Question Bank ] - 2022 · Maharashtra Board STD 10 (MSBSHSE - English Medium). 15 questions.

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Distinguish Between :

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Question 14 Marks
Distinguish between:
Mendeleev’s periodic table - Modern periodic table
Answer
Mendeleev’s periodic table Modern periodic table
1. Elements are arranged in increasing order of their atomic masses. Elements are arranged in increasing order of their atomic numbers.
2. It is not divided into any blocks. It is divided into four blocks, namely s-block, p-block, d-block and f-block.
3. There are 8 groups. There are 18 groups.
4. Isotopes could not be placed properly. Isotopes occupy the same position as the element.
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Question 24 Marks
Distinguish between:
Alkane - Alkene
Answer
  Alkane Alkene
1. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.
2. They have $C−C$ single bonds. They have at least one $C=C$ double bond.
3. They are characterized by the general formula is $C_nH_{2n+2}$. They are characterized by the general formula is $C_nH_{2n}$​​​​​​​.
4. First member of homologous series is methane. First member of homologous series is ethene.
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Question 34 Marks
Distinguish between:
Froth floatation - Leaching
Answer
Froth floatation Leaching
1. The froth floatation method is based on the two opposite properties, hydrophilic and hydrophobic, of the gangue and ore particles respectively. Leaching method is based on the dissolution of ore particles in a certain solution.
2. There is no chemical reaction involved. There is a specific chemical reaction between ore and the solution used for leaching.
3. This method involves the formation of froth from oil, water, and air bubbles together, due to the agitation. There is no formation of froth.
4. This method is used for concentration of zinc blende and copper pyrite. This method is used for the concentration of bauxite.
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Question 54 Marks
Distinguish between:
Group $17$ - Group $18$
Answer
  Group 17 Group 18
1. Elements of group $17$ are called halogens. Elements of group $18$ are called inert gas elements or noble gases.
2. They have seven valence electrons. They have eight valence electrons except helium which contains $2$ electrons.
3. Their valency is $1$. Their valency is zero.
4. They form diatomic molecules with general formula $(X_2)$. They are monoatomic gases under normal conditions.
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Question 64 Marks
Distinguish between:
Open chain hydrocarbons - Closed chain hydrocarbons
Answer
Open chain hydrocarbons Closed chain hydrocarbons
1. In open chain hydrocarbons, carbon atoms are linked to form a continuous straight or branched chain. In closed chain hydrocarbons, carbon atoms are linked to form a ring structure.
2. They are not aromatic compounds. They can be aromatic compounds.
3. E.g. Propane, Isobutane E.g. Cyclohexane, Benzene
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Question 74 Marks
Compare roasting and calcination.
Answer
RoastingCalcination
1This method is generally used for sulphide oresThis method is generally used for carbonate

ores.
2In this method, ores are heated in excess of air.In this method, ores are heated in a limited

supply of air.
3In roasting, generally sulphur dioxide gas is

evolved.		In calcination, generally carbon dioxide gas is

evolved.
4In this method, sulphide ores are oxidized to form

metal oxides.


In this method, carbonate ores decompose to

form metal oxide.


E.g.

2ZnS+3O_(2)longrightarrow2ZnO+2SO_(2)uarr		E.g.ZnCO_(3)longrightarrow ZnO+CO_(2)uarr
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Question 84 Marks
Distinguish between:
Farsightedness and Nearsightedness.
Answer
Farsightedness Nearsightedness
1. This problem arises due to slight flattening of the eyeball. This problem arises due to slight elongation of the eyeball.
2. The curvature of the cornea and eye lens decreases so that the converging power becomes less. The curvature of the cornea and eye lens increases so that the converging power becomes more.
3. The distance between the eye lens and the retina decreases. The distance between the eye lens and the retina increases.
4. The near point of the eye shifts farther away from the eye. The far point of the eye shifts closer to eye.
5. A person suffering from this defect can see distant objects clearly but is unable to see nearby objects. A person suffering from this defect can see nearby objects clearly but is unable to see distant objects.
6. It can be corrected by using spectacles having convex lenses of suitable focal length. It can be corrected by using spectacles having concave lenses of suitable focal length.
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Question 94 Marks
Distinguish between:
s-block - p-block
Answer
s-block p-block
1. The s-block contains groups 1 and 2. The p-block contains groups 13 to 18.
2. All the elements of s-block are metals. p-Block elements include metals, nonmetals and metalloids.
3. s-block elements are placed to the extreme left side in the modern periodic table. p-block elements are placed to the extreme right side in the modern periodic table.
4. There is no zig-zag line to separate different types of elements in the s-block of the periodic table. A zig-zag line can be drawn to separate different types of elements (metals, metalloids and nonmetals) in the p-block of the periodic table.
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Question 104 Marks
Distinguish between:
Saturated hydrocarbons - Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Answer
Saturated hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons
1. Hydrocarbons having the carbon atoms linked to each other by single bonds are called saturated hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons having at least one carbon-carbon double or triple bond are called unsaturated hydrocarbons.
2. On burning, saturated hydrocarbons give a clean, blue flame. On burning, unsaturated hydrocarbons give a yellow flame with lots of black smoke.
3. Saturated hydrocarbons do not decolourize bromine or iodine solutions. Unsaturated hydrocarbons decolourize bromine or iodine solutions.
4. Saturated hydrocarbons are less reactive. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are usually highly reactive.
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Question 114 Marks
Distinguish between:
Metals - Nonmetals (physical characteristics)
Answer
Metals Nonmetals
1. Metals are generally solids at room temperature.
Exception: Mercury is liquid at room temperature.		 Nonmetals are generally gases or solids at room temperature.
Exception: Bromine is in liquid state at room temperature.
2. Metals are hard.
Exceptions: Sodium, potassium.		 Nonmetals are generally soft.
Exception: Diamond
3. Metals have high melting and boiling points.
Exceptions: Sodium, potassium, mercury, gallium.		 Nonmetals have low melting and boiling points.
4. Metals have lustre. Nonmetals have no lustre.
Exception: Iodine
5. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals are bad conductors of heat and electricity.
Exception: Graphite is good conductor of electricity.
6. Most of the metals are sonorous i.e., they produce a sound when stuck on hard surface. Nonmetals are not sonorous.
7. Metals are malleable and ductile. Nonmetals are not malleable and ductile.
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Question 124 Marks
Distinguish between:
Concave lens and Convex lens.
Answer
Concave lens Convex lens
1. It is a diverging lens because it diverges the rays falling on it. It is a converging lens because it converges the rays falling on it.
2. It is thin at the center and bulged at the edge. It is thin at the edge and bulged at the centre.
3. The image formed by concave lens is always diminished and virtual. The image formed by convex lens can be real as well as virtual. Also, the image formed can be diminished as well as magnified.
4. It has a virtual focus. It has a real focus.
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Question 134 Marks
Distinguish between:
Group - Period
Answer
Group Period
1. The vertical columns of elements in the modern periodic table are called groups. The horizontal rows of elements in the modern periodic table are called periods.
2. There are 18 groups. There are 7 periods.
3. The properties of all the elements in a group show similarity and gradation. The properties of elements change slowly from one end to the other in a period.
4. While going from top to bottom within any group, the number of shells goes on increasing While going from left to right within a period, the number of shells occupied by electrons remains the same.
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Question 144 Marks
Distinguish between:
High Earth orbit - Medium Earth orbit.
Answer
High earth orbits Medium earth orbits
1. Height from the earth’s surface for these orbits is greater than or equal to 35780 km. Height from the earth’s surface for these orbits is between 2000 km and 35780 km.
2. Satellites revolving in these orbits take around 24 hours to complete one revolution around the earth. Satellites revolving in these orbits take around 2 to 24 hours to complete one revolution around the earth.
3. The satellites revolving in these orbits appear stationary with respect to earth. The satellites revolving in these orbits do not appear stationary with respect to earth.
4. Satellites revolving in these orbits can be used for carrying signals for telephone, television etc. and also in the applications like meteorology. Satellites revolving in these orbits can be used in the study of polar regions.
5. Example: IBEX (Interstellar Boundary Explorer) revolves in this orbit. Examples: GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and Telstar – 1 revolve in these orbits.
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Question 154 Marks
Distinguish between:
Universal gravitational constant - Gravitational acceleration of earth.
Answer
Sr.no. Universal gravitational constant Gravitational acceleration of earth
1. The gravitational force acting between unit masses kept at a unit distance away from each other equals gravitational constant (G). The acceleration produced in a body under the influence of the force of gravity alone is called gravitational acceleration of earth or acceleration due to gravity (g).
2. Gravitational constant is a scalar quantity. Acceleration due to gravity is a vector quantity.
3. The value of a gravitational constant is a constant. The value of acceleration due to gravity varies with height, depth and shape of the earth.
4. The value of $G = 6.67 \times 10^{-11} Nm^2/kg^2.$ The value of $g = 9.8 m/s^2 $on earth’s surface.
5. Gravitational constant is never zero anywhere. Acceleration due to gravity is zero at the centre of the earth.
6. The S.I. unit of gravitational constant is $Nm^2/kg^2$ The S.I. unit of acceleration due to gravity is $m/s^2.$
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