Questions

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3 questions · self-marked practice — reveal the answer and mark yourself.

Question 11 Mark
Why do human settlements grow in specific locations only?
Answer
Human settlements depend on various factors like climate, availability of water, slope of the land, level of development.
In India, nucleated human settlements are found in the Ganga River Basin because of flat fertile plains, abundance of water, favourable climate and growth of agriculture and industries. Dispersed settlements are found in Himalayan slopes, eastern and southern Rajasthan because of uneven topography, unfavourable climate and lack of development.

In Brazil, nucleated settlements are found in Sao Paulo and southern coast of Brazil, due to nearness to the ocean, fertile soil, availability of natural minerals like iron ore, steady power supply and good transportation system. Dispersed settlements are found in Northern Brazil due to the inaccessible forests in Amazon river basin, unhealthy climate, limitations on use of natural resources drought region and poor transport connectivity.

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Question 21 Mark
Differentiate between the human settlements in the Ganga river basin and the Amazon river basin.
Answer
S.NoHuman settlements in the Ganga river basinHuman settlements in the Amazon river basin
(i)Nucleated settlements are found in Ganga river basin.(i) Dispersed settlements are found in Amazon river basin.
(ii)Flat land, availibality of water, fertile soil,favourable climate is suitable for human settlement.(ii) Unfavourable climate, heavy rainfall, inaccessibility makes the Amazon river basin unsuitable for human settlement.
(iii)The above conditions along with a good transport network has helped to flourish agriculture and other industries.(iii) Due to dense evergreen forests and poor transport facility there are restrictions on the use of natural resources, which have affected economic development.
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Question 31 Mark
Write a comparative note on urbanisation in Brazil and India.
Answer
(i) Rate of urbanisation in higher in Brazil than in India.
(ii) Growth of urbanisation in India has been slow.
E.g. From 18% in 1961 to 31.2% in 2011.
(iii) Growth of urbanisation in Brazil has been rapid.
E.g. From 47.1% in 1960 to 84.6% in 2010.
(iv) Urbanisation has been more in the southern part than in the Northern part of India.
(v) Urbanisation in Brazil has been more in the coastal states of south and southeast than the states in the interior of the west and north.
(vi) India’s rate of urbanisation has increased continously in a fluctuating rate.
(vii) Brazil’s is rate of urbanisation has increased but in a diminishing rate.
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