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Question Bank · Maharashtra Board STD 10 (MSBSHSE - English Medium). 22 questions.

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Question 12 Marks
Write notes onImportance of Standard Time
Answer
Standard time of a country is the time of the country determined legally and is binding on all the regions. It is the harmonisation of different time zones in a geographical area rather than using the solar time. It was established in the $19^{th}$​​​​​​​ century to enable weather forecasting and set railway timings. Some of the importance of following a standard time is:
  • It helps in avoiding confusions of time differences that can happen between the extreme points in the same country.
  • It helps in properly scheduling the railway and the airway timings.
  • It helps in making defined schedules for meeting with the delegates from other foreign countries.
  • It helps to coordinate activities and reduces the loss of time incurred n adjusting the time zones.
  • It helps to improve communication across the same country.
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Question 22 Marks
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Correlation between physiographic and internal waterways

Answer
  1. India has an extensive network of waterways including lakes, canals, oceans, and other inland water systems. The total navigable area is 14500 km.
  2. Waterways have been the most common means of transport from earlier days. Waterways are the cheapest and easiest way of carrying bulky goods over long distances.
  3. One of its greatest benefits is that it does not require any route construction or maintenance. Waterways can be inland waterways or sea routes.
  4. Navigable rivers, canals, backwaters, and lakes are used as inland waterways. It was the major means of transportation before the advent of railways and roadways.
  5. Inland waterways are the only means of transportation through dense, impenetrable forests and areas defined by certain tribal groups.
  6. Sea routes and oceanic routes are mostly used for transporting bulky goods from one country to another.
  7. Waterways is a major means of domestic and foreign trade.
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Question 32 Marks
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Air transport in India

Answer
  1. Airways is the fastest mode of transport of the century. It is also the most expensive means. Aeroplanes and helicopters are the major air transport modes.
  2. Presently, airways are the only mode of transport to reach remote locations that have no road and rail connectivity.
  3. Helicopters play a major role during natural calamities or wars for rescuing people and distributing food and other essentials, especially in inaccessible areas.
  4. It is essential in a country like India that has different terrains and long distances between places.
  5. Air transport in India was started in 1911. It is managed by Air India. IndiGo, Air India, Spicejet, and GoAir are the major transit corporations.
  6. India’s is the world’s third-largest domestic and overall civil aviation sector. India has a total of 499 airports.
  7. To achieve connectivity and utilizing the potential of under-rated airports, the government has launched the UDAN scheme in April 2017.
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Question 42 Marks
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Modern means of communication

Answer
Communication is the process of sending or receiving information from others through different means of communication. In the earlier days, letters and word-of-mouth were the only means of communication. Newspapers became a wide-spread mode with the development of the printing press. But the development of technology has accelerated the communication process in the world.
  1. Internet and satellites are the harbingers of today’s fast-expanding digital communication network. Information and Communication Technology (IT) is an important driving force for the success of today’s communication.
  2. Telecommunication facilities, especially the internet has significantly contributed to the development of communication between countries in different continents.
  3. The development of services like e-banking has increased the pace in which transactions are carried out around the world. Today, the world is just a click away. Information is being transmitted in seconds, and the world has shrunk inside our hands.
  4. Any information can be accessed via the internet and communication has become highly centralised through satellites. Information revolution through digital means like mobile phones and social media has also expanded the communication network between counties.
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Question 52 Marks
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The Great Escarpment

Answer
  1. The Great Escarpment is an important physiographic division of Brazil.
  2. It is very steep and occupies a very small area. The nature of its slope and the effect it has on the climate makes it a separate physiographic region.
  3. The eastern side of the Highlands is demarcated because of escarpment. Here, the altitude of the escarpment is 790 m, the height decreases gradually in some regions. The escarpment is very steep particularly from Sao Paulo to Porto Alegre.
  4. The escarpment act as a barrier to the South-east Trade winds giving rise to the rain shadow area in the north-eastern part of the highlands. The region to the north of this area is called ‘Drought Quadrilateral’.
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Question 62 Marks
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Communication in India

Answer
  1. In India, the telecom industry has become one of the fastest-growing sectors.
  2. In this era of information and communicaion, digitally enhanced communication devices like mobile phones, the internet, satellites etc. are paving way to expansion for the wider reach of communicaion technology.
  3. India is one of the largest users of smartphones and the internet.
  4. With the development of our satellites, India has come a long way in this field.
  5. The space launching programme in India is looked after by India Space Research Organisation (ISRO) ISRO has developed several satellites for India.
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Question 72 Marks
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The Indian peninsula

Answer
  1. The area lying to the south of North Indian Plains and tapering towards the Indian Ocean is called Indian Peninsula.
  2. It consists of many plateaus and hill ranges.
  3. The Aravalis in the north is the oldest fold mountains here.
  4. It includes a series of plateaus bordering the plain. The northern part of the peninsula includes Mewad, Malwa, Budelkhand, Baghelkhand and Chota Nagpur plateaus in serials from west to east. While the Deccan plateau is a triangular landmass that lies to the south of the river Narmada.
  5. The Vindyas and Satpudas ranges lies in the central part whereas the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats are the western and the eastern borders of the Deccan Plateau respectively.
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Question 82 Marks
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Development of communication in Brazil

Answer
  1. In Brazil, telecommunication services are extremely developed and effective. This includes telephone, mobile phone, internet, television broadcast, radio announcements, internet etc.
  2. Today, more than 45% of Brazilian population uses the internet.
  3. The telecommunication system is fairly modern in central-south Brazil while drastically less developed in north and north-west.
  4. There are several hurdles in the expansion of telecommunication services due to the dense vegetated areas and large pockets of unpopulated land.
  5. Brazil is all set to send its domestically made satellites into space with its own rockets.
  6. The civilian authority responsible for the country's space program is the Brazilian Space Agency (AEB). It pursued a policy of joint technological development with more advanced space programs.
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Question 92 Marks
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The coasts of Brazil

Answer
  1. Brazil has a coastline of about 7400 km. It can be divided into two parts namely the northern and eastern coast.
  2. The northern coast extends from Amapa province in the north to Rio de Grande de Norte in the east. It can be called as the North Atlantic coast.
  3. From there, the eastern coast extends towards the south. The northern coast is characterized by the mouths of many rivers including the Amazon. Therefore this region is a low-lying region.
  4. On this coast lie the Marajo island, Marajo and Sao Marcos Bays. Marajo is a large coastal island located between the mouths of River Amazon and River Tocantins.
  5. The eastern coast receives a large number of smaller rivers. The only major river which meets the Atlantic Ocean is Sao Francisco.
  6. The Brazilian coast is characterized by a large number of beaches and sand dune complexes. It is also protected in some areas by coral reefs and atoll islands.
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Question 102 Marks
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Tourist places in India

Answer
  1. In India, beautiful monuments, heritage, culture, natural beauty, adventure sports, medical tourism, business tourism attract foreign tourists.
  2. Considering the heritage of India, there are plenty of opportunities for tourism in many parts of the country. Many places are being developed for this purpose.
  3. Gateway of India in Mumbai, Ajanta caves in Aurangabad, etc. are the heritage places that attract foreign tourists.
  4. Many tourists visit the north-eastern states of India due to their natural beauty as well as specific art and culture. For e.g. Guwahati in Assam, places in Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, etc. Moreover, some natural heritage sites like Kaziranga National Park, Sundurbans National Park, etc. are visited by many tourists.
  5. Many religious places are also developed as tourist places such as Varanasi, Hrishikesh, Rameshwaram, etc.
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Question 112 Marks
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Industries in Brazil

Answer
  1. The mining, agriculture and manufacturing industry are well-developed in Brazil.
  2. Iron and steel production, automobile assembly, petroleum processing, chemicals production and cement making are the major industries in Brazil.
  3. Though the technologically based industries have been the most dynamic in recent years, it has not surpassed the traditional industries.
  4. Industries like sugar industries, cotton textiles, silk & woollen industries and food processing industries have developed well in Brazil.
  5. Large industries are mainly concentrated in the southern and South-Eastern parts of Brazil.
  6. Though the north-eastern part of Brazil is the poorest, it is beginning to attract new investment.
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Question 122 Marks
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Animal life in India

Answer
  1. Great diversity in terms of wildlife is found in India.
  2. In the hot and humid forests, elephants are found in great number.
  3. In the swampy and marshy lands of Assam, one-horned rhinoceroses are found while in the arid lands wild ass and camels are found.
  4. Snow leopards and yaks are found in the snow-capped regions of the Himalayas while in the Peninsular region, Indian Bisons, deer, antelopes and monkeys are found.
  5. Many turtles, crocodiles and gavials (Gharial) are found in the rivers, estuaries and coastal areas.
  6. A variety of birds like Peacocks, the Great Indian bustard, Kingfishers, peasants, ducks, parakeets, cranes, and pigeons are found in the forests and wetlands of India.
  7. One significant feature of the wildlife in India is that it is the only country in the world where both tigers and lions are found.
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Question 132 Marks
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Himalayas

Answer
  1. The Himalayas is one of the youngest fold mountains in the world and it is a major mountain system of the Asian continent.
  2. It extends from Pamir knot in Tajikistan to the east and in India from Jammu and Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh.
  3. It is not a single mountain range but consists of many parallel ranges.
  4. The southernmost range is known as Siwalik range (Shiwalik) and is the youngest of all the ranges.
  5. Next to Shiwalik lies the Lesser Himalayas, Greater Himalayas and Trans Himalayan ranges from south to north. These ranges are young to old respectively.
  6. These Mountain ranges are further divided into Western Himalayas (Kashmir Himalayas), Central Himalayas (Kumaun Himalayas) and Eastern Himalayas (Assam Himalayas).
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Question 142 Marks
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Transportation in Brazil

Answer
  1. In Brazil, out of all transportation routes, roadways are the maximum.
  2. Roads are most dense in the eastern part. The forested lands of Amazon River basin and the swampy lands have limited the development of roadways.
  3. Railways are less developed. The use of trains for long-distance transportation of passengers is restricted to a few urban tourist routes though it is a cheaper mode of transport.
  4. In Brazil, navigation on Amazon river is mainly for commercial purposes. The longest waterway in the world, from the mouth of the Amazon to Equitos in Peru (approximately 3700 km.) passes through Brazil.
  5. Parana River in the south is an important river used for water transport.
  6. Coastal shipping is also carried out in the coastal areas.
  7. The contribution of airways in the transportation system of the country is less.
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Question 152 Marks
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Agriculture in India

Answer
  1. India has been practicing agriculture since ancient times. It is the main occupation of the people in India and it contributes more towards GDP.
  2. Indian agriculture is mainly a subsistence type. Around 60 percent of land in India is under cultivation. Its large expanse of level plains, rich soils, a high percentage of cultivable land, wide climatic variety, long growing season, etc. is some of the important factors that have contributed to the growth of agriculture in India.
  3. Rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, and millets are the major food crops produced in India. There are tea, coffee, and rubber plantations in India. Moreover, cash crops like sugarcane, cotton, jute, silk, etc. are also produced in India. Different types of fruits, spices, and vegetables are also produced in India.
  4. Tea, coffee, spices, cotton & silk textiles, and mangoes are some of the items which are exported from India.
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Question 162 Marks
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Comparison of urbanisation in Brazil and India

Answer
  • The growth of urbanisation: The growth of urbanisation in India has been slow as compared to Brazil.
  • More urbanisation:
  1. The southern part of India is more urbanised than the northern part. The urbanisation in Goa is 62%, while in Delhi it is more than 80%. Moreover, urbanisation is more in the states of Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Kerala.
  2. In Brazil, the rate of urbanisation is high in South and South-east with Sao Paulo emerging as a major, metropolitan and industrial area. States like Sao Paulo, Goias, Minas Gerais have more urban population than states in the North.
  • Less urbanisation:
  1. In India, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Rajasthan are some of the states with low levels of urbanisation.
  2. While in Brazil, in Amazon Basin and Brazilian Highlands, as population is less, urbanisation is also less. However, urbanisation has occurred in Manaus because it is a port on the confluence of the River Negro and the River Amazon.
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Question 172 Marks
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Density of population in Brazil

Answer
  1. According to the 2010 Census, Brazil had a population of 19 crores. Brazil occupies 5.6% of the world’s total area and contributes 2.78% of the world’s population. Also, the population growth rate of Brazil is declining since efforts are being made to control the population growth. The population density of Brazil is very less. It is 23 persons per sq. km. as per 2010 census.
  2. In the eastern coastal areas of Brazil, agriculture and industries have flourished well. Hence, the density of the population is high here.
  3. Conversely, the interior of the Amazon Basin is very sparsely populated due to unfavourable climate, heavy rainfall, inaccessibility and dense forests.
  4. The density of the population in the highlands of Brazil is moderate.
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Question 182 Marks
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Vegetation in Brazil

Answer
  1. The natural vegetation of any country is dependent on the factors like rainfall, climate, land, and relief.
  2. In Brazil, rainfall varies due to its physiography. The number of rainy days, as well as the amount of rainfall, reduces as one moves away from the equator. This affects the life cycle of vegetation.
  3. Due to this, Brazil has the largest number of vegetation species in the world. This includes evergreen vegetation, semi-evergreen, arid, etc. Pau Brasil, rubber, mahogany, rosewood and a variety of orchids are found in Brazil.
  4. The Equator passes through the northern part of Brazil. Hence, it rains throughout the year in most parts of the equatorial region and the climate is generally hot & humid. Evergreen forests are found in this region. Due to the evergreen rainforests in Brazil, a large amount of oxygen is released in the environment. This reduces carbon dioxide levels. Therefore, these rainforests are called as the ‘lungs of the world’.
  5. The density of the vegetation reduces in regions that receive rainfall only during certain seasons. In such regions, instead of forests, various types of grasses, short shrubs, thorny vegetation, etc., are found.
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Question 192 Marks
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Comparison of climate of India and Brazil

Answer
  1. India has a monsoon type of climate whereas Brazil experiences a wide range of variations in climate. For E.g. In Brazil, near the equator, the climate is hot while near the Tropic of Capricorn, there is a temperate type of climate.
  2. In India, the average temperature is higher throughout the year since the sun’s rays are perpendicular upto the Tropic of Cancer which passes through it whereas in Brazil, the Equator cuts across the northern part of the country which results in 25° C to 28° C of average temperature in the Amazon Valley.
  3. The temperature in the northern states of India is cold. For e.g. Jammu & Kashmir and parts of mountainous regions of Himalayas experience temperatures of –40° C during the winters. While the temperature increases towards the southern states of India. In contrast, the northern part of Brazil is generally hot while in the southern part, the temperature is comparatively lower.
  4. India receives rainfall due to the South-west monsoon winds and the rainfall is mainly of Orographic type whereas Brazil receives the orographic type of rainfall from the South-east Trade winds & North-east Trade winds and the rainfall in the northern part of Brazil is of Convectional type.
  5. In India, the regions of Gujarat and Rajasthan experience less rainfall while the northeastern part of the Brazilian Highlands receives very less rainfall.
  6. In India, Tropical cyclones occur frequently while these cyclones occur rarely in Brazil.
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Question 202 Marks
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Amazon River basin

Answer
  1. Amazon plains form the largest plain land of Brazil and lies between the two highlands, viz. Guyana Highlands and Brazilian Highlands.
  2. It lies in the northern parts of Brazil and generally slopes eastwards.
  3. The Amazon basin is quite wide in the west (about 1300 km) and it narrows eastward.
  4. Its width is minimum where the Guyana Highlands and Brazilian Highland come closer (240 km).
  5. The width of the plains increases as the river approaches the Atlantic Ocean.
  6. Most of the Amazon plains are covered by tropical rainforests.
  7. These are mostly forested areas and largely inaccessible due to frequent flooding and dense undergrowth.
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Question 212 Marks
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Historical background of India.

Answer
  1. India was under the British rule for almost one-and-a-half century. India got its independence in the year 1947.
  2. Despite facing several problems like three wars, famine situations in various parts and similar issues after independence, India is a major developing country of the world.
  3. India is considered to be a global market too. Because of various economic reforms from time-to-time, India’s economic development has paced up.
  4. The proportion of youth in India’s population is high. As this forms a major part of a working population, India is looked upon as a young country.
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Question 222 Marks
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Purpose of field visit

Answer
  1. To collect firsthand information: A field visit is a visit to a factory, farm, or museum made by students and a teacher for the purpose of firsthand information.
  2. To get direct experience: It is a practical method of studying Geography. Various geographical features can be directly experienced through field visits. Also, one can collect several samples from the area of the visit which help to understand the subject in a better manner.
  3. To understand geographical and social conditions: Field visits also help in understanding the geographical and social conditions of a place. It enables one to comprehend various geographical concepts and elements easily.
  4. To interact with local people: It also provides an opportunity to directly interact with the local people and understand their problems. It is extremely useful for understanding the correlation between humans and the environment.
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Write short notes - Social Studies STD 10 Questions - Vidyadip