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Question 14 Marks

Literacy rate.

Answer

Literacy rate shows proportion of literate people in the country. The people who can read and write are called literate people.
Every country has different norms to decide literacy. In India, those who can read, write and do arithmetic calculations are called literate.
Literacy in the country is essential to eradicate poverty and for social, economic and political development.
Literacy rate in the country depends upon cost of education, standard of living, status of women in the society, availability of educational facilities and government policy etc.
In general, literacy rate of male is more than female with few exceptions.
Literacy rate is more than 90% in most of the developed countries of Europe, North America, Australia etc.
Lowest literacy rate is in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 24 Marks

Occupational structure of population.

Answer

In all countries working population is engaged in primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities for their livelihood.
The percentage of people engaged in these activities is called occupational structure.
In developing counties percentage of people engaged in primary occupations is high compared to people engaged in secondary, tertiary or quaternary activities.
In developed countries, percentage of people engaged in secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities is more compared to people engaged in primary activities.
Trade and infrastructure are advanced. So, more people are required in secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities.
More people engaged in secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities more the country has been developed.
Thus, occupation structure of the country is an indicator of the level of economic development of the country.

Question 34 Marks

Population pyramid and sex ratio.

Answer

The ratio between the number of male and female in the population is called sex ratio.
Sex ratio is an indicator of status of women in the country.
In population pyramid X-axis shows the percentage of population in a particular age group and Y-axis, which is at the centre of the graph shows age groups.
The length of the bar shows number or percentage.
The left side of the graph shows male population whereas, the right side of the graph shows female population.
Thus, population pyramid indicates number of percentages of male and female population in different age groups in the country.
e.g., If we want to know the percentage of male and female in 15-59 age group, we can get it from population pyramid.
Therefore, we can study age-wise sex ratio using population pyramid.

Question 44 Marks

Population growth and migration.

Answer

When people move from one place to another place, or one city to other city or one country to another country it is called migration.
The place from where people go out is called donor region.
The place where people migrate is called recipient region,
Due to migration there are changes in total population in both the regions.
From donor region people move outside so donor area population will decrease. Generally, youngsters migrate in large number, so donor region will have less young age population, it will affect fertility rate and there will be slow growth of population.
In recipient region migrants will be added to the total population of that region. Thus, increasing the population of the region.
In recipient region more young age population will be added, so fertility rate will increase, and there will be more population growth.

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