Population Part 2 Geography - Population Part 2

Social factors responsible for migration

Physical factors responsible for migration.

Tertiary Occupations

Social factors responsible for migration.

Physical factors responsible for migration.

Migration is not always permanent.

Demographic dividend increases when proportion of working population increases.

Literacy rate of a country is an indicator of its socio-economic development.

In developed countries, percentage of population engaged in agriculture is low.

Question 1. What is shown in the map?
Question 2. Name any two continents having the same density and population.
Question 3. Name any two countries having more than 500 persons per sq. km.
Question 4. What is the density of population in China?

Literacy rate.

Occupational structure of population.

Population pyramid and sex ratio.

Population growth and migration.

(1)In the above figure A, B, C are three population pyramids. Study their shapes and answer the following questions.
(i) In which pyramid(s) the number of children will be the least?
(ii) In which pyramid(s) the number of old people will be the least?
(iii) Which pyramid(s) represents a ‘young country’?
(iv) Which pyramid(s) represents a country with high medical expenditure?
(v) Which pyramid(s) represents a country with large manpower?
(vi) Which pyramid(s) represents developing and developed counties respectively?
(2)Answer the questions after studying table carefully.

Country	Retirement Age reforms being implemented or under consideration (in years)
Germany	Retirement age to increase gradually to 66 by 2023 and to 67 by 2029
United States of America	Retirement age to rise gradually to reach 67 for those born in 1960 or later
United Kingdom	Retirement age to increase for both men and women to 66 by October 2020 and further to 67 between 2026-28
Australia	Retirement age scheduled to increase gradually to 67 by 2023
China	By 2045, to increase retirement age for both men and women to 65
Japan	Under consideration to raise the retirement age to 70
India	On an average, 60 years. May vary from 55 years to 65 years according to services

(i) What does the table show?
(ii) Classify these countries into developed and developing.
(iii) What could be the reason behind increasing the retirement age in these countries?
(iv) What will be the impact of increase in the retirement age on the economy of the respective countries?
(v) Why is China considering increasing the age later in 2045?
(vi) Considering these examples from developed countries, will it be good for India to increase its retirement age? Express your views.
(vii) Write a concluding statement about the relationship between age structure, life expectancy and economy of a country.
(3)You have already made a list of the reasons why migration occurs. Add more reasons to it. Discuss and classify these reasons into pull and push factors and complete the figure.
(4)Complete the following table which shows impact of migration on the population.

Type of migration	Positive effects	Negative effects
Internal migration	Employment is available to migrants. Improves their financial status.	Resources are affected. Sometimes, they might be sent back to their original country.
Rural to urban migration	–	–
Urban to rural migration	–	–
Rural to rural	–	–
Seasonal / Temporary	–	–

Make a list of reasons behind migration besides the one given here.

Classify the reasons into willing and reluctant migration.

Make a list of reasons for leaving the original location.

Arrange these six events according to the difference in the relative distance between the new and old location.

Is there a change in the location in these events? Why?

A – In population pyramid, a broad base indicates high number of children in a country.
R – Broad apex is an indicator of high number of elderly people in a country.

A – Increase in the dependency ratio will affect the economy.
R – Medical costs are high when there are more elderly in the population.

Expansive pyramid and Constructive pyramid

Donor region and Recipient region

Internal migration and External migration

Many countries are considering to increase retirement age.

Age structure affects economy of the country.

Causes of migration