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Biodiversity and Conservation BIOLOGY - Biodiversity and Conservation

Maharashtra Board - STD 12 Science - BIOLOGY (MSBSHSE - English Medium). 292 questions in this chapter.

Question types

Biodiversity and Conservation question types

292 questions across 7 question groups — pick any mix to generate a BIOLOGY paper with step-by-step answer keys.

292
Questions
7
Question groups
5
Question types
Sample Questions

Biodiversity and Conservation questions

One sample from each question group in this chapter. Select any group above to see the full set with answer keys.

Q 1Answer the following questions1 Mark
Name the type of biodiversity represented by the following:
  1. 1000 varieties of mangoes in India.
  2. Variation in terms of potency and concentration of reserpine in Rauwolfia vomitoria growing in different regions of Himalayas.
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Q 11Answer the following questions in detail.3 Marks
The following graph shows the species-area relationship. Answer the following question as directed.
  1. Name the naturalist who studied the kind of relationship shown in the graph. Write the observation made by him.
  2. Write the situations as discovered by the ecologists when the value of 'Z' (slope of the line) lies.
  1. 0.1 and 0.2
  2. 0.6 and 1.2
What does 'Z' stand for?
  1. When would the slope of the line 'b' become steeper?
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Q 13Answer the following questions in detail.3 Marks
Community Service department of your school plans a visit to a slum area near the school with an objective to educate the slum dwellers with respect to health and hygiene.
  1. Why is there a need to organize such visits?
  2. Write the steps you will highlight, as a member of this department, in your interaction with them to enable them to lead a healthy life.
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Q 17Answer the following questions in detail.5 Marks
Of the four major causes for the loss of biodiversity (Alien species invasion, habitat loss and fragmentation, over-exploitation and co-extinctions which according to you is the major cause for the loss of biodiversity? Give reasons in support.
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Q 26Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ1 Mark
For question two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion: Dodo, Passenger pigeon, Stellers sea cow have become extinct due to over exploitation.
Reason: Excessive exploitation of a species, whether animal or plants reduces size of its population so that it becomes vulnerable to extinction.
  • ✓
    Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  • B
    Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  • C
    Assertion is true but reason is false.
  • D
    Both assertion and reason are false.

Answer: A.

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Q 27Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ1 Mark
For question two statements are given $-$ one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Non $-$ native or exotic species are often introduced in a region for their economic uses.
Reason : Exotic species are considered to be a major cause of extinction of indigenous species.
  • A
    Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  • ✓
    Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  • C
    Assertion is true but reason is false.
  • D
    Both assertion and reason are false.

Answer: B.

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Q 28Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ1 Mark
For question two statements are given $-$ one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion : Biodiversity loss is now one of the world's most pressing crisis.
Reason : Lower diversity in a species leads to non $-$ uniformity.
  • A
    Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  • B
    Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  • ✓
    Assertion is true but reason is false.
  • D
    Both assertion and reason are false.

Answer: C.

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Q 29Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ1 Mark
For question two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion: The rate of extinction of organisms have increased in recent years.
Reason: Human activities like deforestation, industrialisation, etc., have destroyed the natural habitat of plants and animals.
  • ✓
    Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  • B
    Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  • C
    Assertion is true but reason is false.
  • D
    Both assertion and reason are false.

Answer: A.

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Q 30Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ1 Mark
For question two statements are given$-$one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes $(a), (b), (c)$ and $(d)$ as given below.
Assertion: Buffer zone surrounds the core area and limited human activities like resource use strategies, research and education are allowed here.
Reason: There is no biotic interference except in buffer zone.
  • A
    Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  • B
    Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  • ✓
    Assertion is true but reason is false.
  • D
    Both assertion and reason are false.

Answer: C.

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Q 31Case study (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Ginkgo tree has been saved from extinction by selective breeding followed by channeling into trade of nature lovers. This is an ex-situ conservation, where endangered species are protected from all adverse factors. Offspring produced in captive breeding are released in natural habitat for acclimatisation.
  1. What is the significance of offsite collections?
  1. Restock depleted populations.
  2. Protection of endangered species.
  3. Reintroduce species in wild.
  4. All of these.
  1. Which of the following is not an ex-situ conservation?
  1. Wetlands
  2. Orchards
  3. Aquaria
  4. Botanical gardens.
  1. Select the incorrect statements for ex-situ conservation.
  1. It is conservation of species outside their natural habitats.
  2. Endangered species are kept under human supervision and provided all the essentials.
  3. The species population recovers in natural environment.
  4. Both (b) and (c).
  1. Conditions maintained in seed banks for orthodox seeds are:
  1. Low moisture content.
  2. Anaerobic conditions.
  3. Low temperature.
  4. All of these.
  1. Assertion: Animal species which have become extinct in wild continue to be maintained in zoological parks.
Reason: Captive breeding is the conservation of those cases where these is no realistic chance of in-situ survival.
  1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
  4. Both assertion and reason are false.
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Q 32Case study (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Non-native or alien species are often introduced in advertently for their economic and other uses. They often become invasive and drive away the local species. Exotic species have proved harmful to both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. For example, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was introduced in Indian waters to reduce pollution. It was clogged water bodies including wetlands at many places resulting in death of several aquatic plants and animals.
  1. Island water ecosystem are the most vulnerable due to:
  1. Small size.
  2. Small number of species.
  3. Increases reproductive capacity.
  4. Both (a) and (b).
  1. Which of the following is not an alien species?
  1. Lantana camara.
  2. Periplaneta americana.
  3. Nile Perch.
  4. Yucca moth.
  1. Second major cause of species extinction is:
  1. Habitat loss and fragmentation.
  2. Over exploitation.
  3. Alien species invasion.
  4. Co-extinction.
  1. Assertion: Eichhomia crassipes drains off oxygen from water and can be seen growing in standing water.
Reason: Eichhornia crassipes is an indigenous species of India.
  1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
  4. Both assertion and reason are false.
  1. The population of species Pin a certain conununity was constant until a population species Q from a distant land was subsequently introduced into that community. The interaction between the two populations is reflected in the graph below.


What could be the possible reason for the decrease in the population of species P over a number of days?
  1. Species Q is a predator of species P.
  2. Species Q is a prey species which wiped out the population of species P.
  3. Species P and Q compete for space but feeds on different food.
  4. None of these.
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Q 33Case study (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Wetlands are called Ramsar sites because the first international convention on their conservation was held in Ramsar in Iran in 1971. Wetlands or Ramsar sites are low lying marshy areas which get filled up during rains due to runoff and overflow from other water bodies. They are often considered to be waste lands which are used as dumping areas and filled up to recover land for various constructions activities. As a result, a large number of wetlands have disappeared.
  1. Select the incorrect match of wetland and its location.
 
Wetland
Location
(a)
Harike
Punjab
(b)
Chandra Tai
H.P.
(c)
Bhoj
M.P.
(d)
Ashtamudi
Odisha
  1. Migratory bird flamingo breeds in which of the following wetlands?
  1. Bhitarkanika Mangroves.
  2. Rann of Kutch.
  3. Harike.
  4. Chandra Tal.
  1. Which of the following is not an importance of wetlands?
  1. They are an important source of recharging groundwater.
  2. They provide protection from floods.
  3. They are good source of siltation and purification of water.
  4. None of these.
  1. Which of the following wetland ecosystem is highly acidic and has a accumulation of decomposed plants known as peat?
  1. Bog
  2. Mangrove
  3. Estuary
  4. Watershed
  1. The mangroves of Bhitarkanika are famous for:
  1. Rare migratory waterbirds.
  2. Nesting sites for endangered olive ridley turtles.
  3. Prawn cultivation.
  4. All of these.
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Q 34Case study (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below: Ecosystem diversity is the variety of forms in the ecosystem due to diversity of niches, trophic levels and ecological processes like nutrient recycling, food webs, energy flow, etc. Study the given figure.
  1. Identify different types of diversity denoted by 1, 2 and 3 in the given figure.
 
1
2
3
(a)
Alpha diversity
Beta diversity
Gamma diversity
(b)
Gamma diversity
Alpha diversity
Beta diversity
(c)
Gamma diversity
Beta diversity
Alpha diversity
(d)
Beta diversity
Alpha diversity
Gamma diversity
  1. Alpha diversity is biodiversity present.
  1. Within conununity.
  2. Between conununities.
  3. In ranges of communities.
  4. None of these.
  1. Diversity represented by diversity of habitats over a total landscape area is:
  1. $\alpha-\text{diversity}$
  2. $\gamma-\text{diversity}$
  3. $\beta-\text{diversity}$
  4. $\delta-\text{diversity}$
  1. Concept of three types of ecological diversity was given by:
  1. Elton
  2. Odum
  3. Edward Wilson
  4. Whittaker
  1. The diversity of organisms sharing the same habitat or conununity is termed as:
  1. Alpha diversity.
  2. beta diversity.
  3. gamma diversity.
  4. delta diversity.
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Q 35Case study (4 Marks)4 Marks
​​​​Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below: Edward Wilson described diversity at all levels of biological organisation ranging from macromolecules inside the cells to biomes. It is of three inter-related hierarchial levels-genetic diversity, species diversity and conununity ecosystem diversity. Species diversity is the variety in the number and richness of the species of a region. For example, the Western ghats have a greater amphibian species diversity than the Eastern ghats.
  1. The number of species per unit area is called.
  1. Species evenness.
  2. Species richness.
  3. Species equitability.
  4. Both (a) and (c).
  1. The table below gives the population (in thousands) of ten species (A - J) in four areas (I - IV) consisting of the number of habitats given within brackets against each. Study the table and answer the question which follows:
Area and number of habitats
Species and their population (in thousands) in the area
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
I(11)
23
12
0.52
6.0
-
3.1
1.1
9.0
-
10.3
II(11)
10.2
-
0.62
-
1.5
3.0
-
8.2
1.1
11.2
III(13)
11.3
0.9
0.48
2.4
1.4
4.2
0.8
8.4
2.2
4.1
IV(12)
3.2
10.2
1.1
4.8
0.4
3.3
0.8
7.3
1.3
2.1
Which are out of I to IV shows maximum species diversity?
  1. II
  2. III
  3. IV
  4. I
  1. Study the given populations and choose the correct answer in relation to species diversity.
Population
Species
Species
Individuals
Population A
I
Mammals
3
II
Birds
2
III
Amphibians
2
Population B
I
Mammals
2
II
Mammals
2
III
Amphibians
1
Population C
I
Mammals
3
II
Mammals
2
III
Mammals
4
 
Maximum diversity
Minimum diversity
(a)
Population B
Population C
(b)
Population A
Population C
(c)
Population A
Population B
(d)
Population B
Population A
  1. The concept of species diversity has two components : evenness and richness. Evenness is based on the relative abundance of species. Richness is based on the total number of species present. Diversity indices combine a measure of richness and evenness. The Simpson index (D) is calculated from the following equations:
$\text{D}=\displaystyle\sum_{\text{i}=1}(\text{n}_\text{i}/\text{N})^2$
where, n = total number of organisms of particular species
N = total number of organisms of all species
Below are data collected in two terrestrial plant conununities that represent part of a successional chronosequence. ln this case the values were measured as percent cover.
Early Successional Community
Late Successional Community
Species
Percent Cover
Species
Percent Cover
A
83
F
24
B
5
G
20
C
9
H
18
D
2
I
23
E
1
J
15
The data indicate that, relative to the early successional community, the late successional community has which of the following characteristics?
 
Species Richness
Evenness
(a)
Higher
Higher
(b)
Higher
Lower
(c)
Same
Lower
(d)
Same
Higher
  1. Select the incorrect statement regarding species diversity.
  1. It results in polymorph formation and is useful in adaptation to changes in environmental conditions.
  2. Number of individuals of different species represent species evenness.
  3. It influences biotic interactions and stability of the community.
  4. It is a trait of the community.
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