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Question 13 Marks

1.With increasing depth, what decreases: temperature, salinity or density?
2.After what depth does the change in these factor become almost zero?
3.Till what depth is the change in these factors higher?
4.Explain the correlation between all the three factors.

Answer

1.Temperature and salinity decreases with increasing depth.
2.After the depth of 1000 m there is no change in all these factors.
3.The higher change can be seen up to a depth of about 500m.
4.If the temperature is less, density is more. If the salinity is less, then density is also less. However temperature affects the density more as compared to the salinity. If the temperature is less, then the density is more despite less salinity.

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Question 23 Marks

1.What is the maximum temperature of seawater in equatorial areas? How much is this temperature at a depth of 500 m?
2.What is the temperature of seawater at the sea level in the mid-latitudes?
3.How much has this temperature changed at 1500 m depth?
4.What does the thermal graph for the high latitude say? What is its temperature at 500, 1000 and 1500 m depths?
5.After what depth does the seawater temperature remain stable everywhere?

Answer

1.The maximum temperature of sea water in equatorial areas is 18° C. The temperature at the depth of 500 m is 11° C.
2.The temperature of seawater at the sea level in the mid-latitudes is 14° C approximately.
3.The temperature is about 5° C at the depth of 1500 m. Thus the temperature of sea water at mid-latitudes has changed from 14°C at the sea level to about 5°C at the depth of 1500 m i.e. temperature has changed (reduced) by 9°C.
4.In high latitudes the temperature of sea water at all depths remains constant at 4° C.
5.After 2000 m, the temperature of the sea water is uniform everywhere.

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Question 33 Marks

1.What is the salinity around the tropics?
2.Which region has the least salinity?
3.Which ocean has salinity more than 37%o?
4.What are the reasons of differences in salinity on a global level?

Answer

1.The salinity around the tropics is 36%o.
2.The Bay of Bengal has the least salinity of 32%o.
3.Atlantic ocean has salinity of more than 37%o.
4.The uneven distribution of temperature on earth, and uneven supply of freshwater, etc. are the reasons for differences in salinity on a global level.

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