[5 Marks Each] QUE-ANS

Question 15 Marks

Directions: Read the passage $(s)$ given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - $1$ Look at the following food chain and then answer the questions that follow. Grain $\rightarrow $ grasshopper $\rightarrow $ frogs $\rightarrow $ snakes $\rightarrow $ owls bacteria Which organism in this food chain is responsible for recycling nutrients?

Snakes.
Bacteria.
Owls.
Grasshopper.

Answer

Various types of food given by plants are as follows:

Vegetables: Tomato, cabbage, spinach, potato, etc.
Fruits: Banana, grapes, apple, etc.
Cereals or grains: Rice, wheat, barley, ragi, etc.
Pulses: Gram, pea, beans, etc.
Oil or fat: Mustard, groundnut, sunflower, etc.

Generally we eat fruits of many plants. Besides fruits, we also eat flowers, leaves, roots, rhizomes and stem of some plants.

Various edible parts of plants with some examples are listed below:

S.NO.	Edible part of plants`	Examples
$1.$	Roots	Beet, Carrot, Sweet potato, Radish, etc.
$2.$	Stem	Onion, Potato, Ginger, Sugarcane, etc.
$3.$	Leaves	Spinach, Soya-methi, Bathua, etc.
$4.$	Flowers	Cauliflower
$5.$	Seeds	Mustard, Sweet pea, Lotus, Groundnut
$6.$	Fruits	Banana, Mango, Apple, etc.

Examples of plants having two edible parts, and the food obtained are given below:

Name of plant	First edible part		Second edible part
	Part	Food type	Part	Food type
Mustard	Seeds	Spices, oil	Leaves	Vegetables
Lotus	Seeds	Dry fruit	Stem	Vegetables
Radish	Root	Vegetables	Leaves	Vegetables
Methi	Seeds	Spices	Leaves	Vegetables
Drum stick	Fruit	Vegetables	Flowers	Vegetables
Gram	Seeds	Pulse	Leaves	Vegetables

A sweet substance (liquid) prepared by bees from the nectar, i.e., sweet juice collected from flowers, is called honey.
Honey consists of water, sugar, minerals and enzymes. It is easily digestible, and used in medicines as an antiseptic (which destroys the growth of microorganisms).

We get honey from honey bees.

Production of honey: Honey bees develop their nests called hives on tall trees and buildings. Bee workers collect nectar from flowers and store in container. The honey bees are also reared in artificial hives.
Extraction of honey: Honey is extracted from bee hives either manually or with the of an artificial help extractor.

Roots
Stem
Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
Seeds
Spices

The germinating seeds at the initial stage when a white structure grows out from the seed (radicle) are called sprouted seeds.

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Question 25 Marks

Directions: Read the passage $(s)$ given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage $- 1$ Look at the following food chain and then answer the questions that follow. Grain $\rightarrow $ grasshopper $\rightarrow $ frogs $\rightarrow $ snakes $\rightarrow $ owls bacteria Which organism in this food chain is responsible for recycling nutrients?

Snakes.
Bacteria.
Owls.
Grasshopper.

Answer

Herbivores: Animals which eat only the plants or the plant products like fruits, flowers, seeds, nectar, etc., are called herbivores. For example, deer, cow, rat, etc.
Carnivores: Animals which eat other animals are called carnivores. For example, tiger, lion, etc.
Omnivores: Animals which eat both plants and their products as well as other animals are called omnivores. For example, human beings, cat, crow, etc.

Man is omnivorous, i.e., he can feed on both plants and animals. But due to some religious or traditional reasons some people strictly avoid the food containing meat, fish, egg, etc., while some have no hesitation to have such food stuffs. On this basis, there are two types of food habits found in our society:

Vegetarian: People who do not eat meat, fish, egg, etc.
Non-vegetarian: People who eat meat, fish, egg, etc.

Scavengers: Some carnivores and omnivores eat dead animals. They help in cleaning our surroundings. For example: crow, jackel, hyena, etc.
Parasites: These are some very small animals which live on or inside other animals and get their food from them. For example: fleas, leeches, mosquitoes, bed- bugs, etc.

Cereals are known as ‘energy rich food’. For example: rice, wheat, jowar, maize, etc.
One day because of heavy load of work during the day, I could not have my lunch and at the end of the day, I felt very tired, and exhausted. I was too weak to do work. The hunger was in alarming condition.
No, his diet is not complete. This food is not enough to provide sufficient energy required by him. He will not be able to work and play for the whole day because he will soon get tired due to lack of energy.

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Question 35 Marks

Name five plants and their parts that we eat.

Answer

Following are the five plants products:

Apple tree-fruit.
Wheat plant-Seed.
Potato plant-Stem.
Beetroot-Root.
Spinach plant-Leaves.

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Question 45 Marks

Match the organisms given in column $I$ with their part/ product in column $II$ that is used by human beings as food.

	$COLUMN\ I$		$COLUMN\ II$
$a$	Mustard plant	$i$	Meat
$b$	Goat	$ii$	Fruits and vegetable
$c$	Hen	$iii$	Seed
$d$	smoke	$iv$	Direction of air flow
$e$	wind	$v$	Prevent dust particles

Answer

	$COLUMN\ I$		$COLUMN\ II$
$a$	Mustard plant	$iii$	Seed
$b$	Goat	$i$	Meat
$c$	Hen	$iv$	Direction of air flow
$d$	smoke	$v$	Prevent dust particles
$e$	wind	$ii$	Fruits and vegetable

Explanation:

Seeds of mustard plant are used to extract oils.
Goat’s meat is called chevon or mutton.
A windvane or weather cock is an instrument for showing the direction of the wind. It has a hen (cockerel design) on the top.
Smoke and dust are two major components of particulate matter that should be prevented.
Wind has both direct and indirect effects on plant growth, fruits and vegetable.

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Question 55 Marks

Connect the animal with the food it eats by an arrow using different colours in the figure given below. One is done for you.

Answer

The complete figure is as follows:

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Question 65 Marks

Differentiate between herbivore, carnivore and omnivores.

Answer

S. No.	Herbivore	Carnivore	Omnivores
$1.$	Animals that eat only plants.	Animals that eat flesh of other animals.	Animals that eat both plants as well as animals.
$2.$	They depend on plants.	They depend on herbivores.	They depend on both.
$3.$	Teeth are not sharp but have front pointed teeth.	Teeth are sharp for chewing and grasping the meat, have pointed teeth.	Teeth are not sharp they are either pointed front teeth.
$4.$	Salivary glands are well developed.	Salivary glands are not well developed.	Salivary glands are well developed.
$5.$	Examples: Cow, Deer, etc.	Examples: Lion, Tiger, etc.	Examples: Human being, Crow, etc.

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Question 75 Marks

Activity 1.
Ask your friends in the school about the items they would be eating during a day. See if you can also get this information from friends staying in different states of India.
List all the items in your notebook as given in Table $1$, for as many friends as possible.

S.NO.	Name of the student/friend	Food item eaten in a day
$1.$	T.S. Sree Kumar (Kerala)	Idli, dosa, curd, rice, sambar, etc.
$2.$	Sarthak Sharma (Uttar Pradesh)	Vegetable, dal, chapati, curd, rice, etc.
$3.$	Sanchit Bose (W. Bengal)	Fish curry, rice, vegetable, etc.
$4.$	Sohan Singh (Punjab)	Makki roti, rajma, sarson saag, curd, ghee, etc.
$5.$	P. Prasada Rao (Andhra Pradesh)	Rice, tuar dal, rasam, kunduru, ghee, pickle, etc.

Activity 2.
Choose some of the items you listed in Table $1$ and try to find out what ingredients are used to prepare these, by discussing with your friends and elders at home. List them in Table $2$. Some examples are given here. Add some more items to this list.

S.NO.	Food item	Ingredients
$1.$	Roti/chapati	Atta, water
$2.$	Dal	Pulses, water, salt, oil/ ghee, spices
$3.$	Idli	Rice, urad dal, salt, water
$4.$	Fish curry	Fish, spices, oil/ ghee, salt, water.

Food Materials and Sources:

Name the animals which provide us milk.
Name the animals which give us meat.
Name some other animals that give us food.
What are the two main sources of food?
Name two sugar producing plants.

Answer

Some important animals that give us milk are cow, buffalo, goat and camel.
Some important meat giving animals are goat, sheep and pig.
Besides milk and meat, animals give us useful food products.

For example:

Birds like chicken, fowl and ducks give us eggs and meat.
Fish provides us meat.
Bees provide us honey.

The two main sources of food are:

Plants: We get fruits, vegetables, pulses, etc., from plants.
Animals: We get milk, eggs, meat, etc., from animals.

The two sugar producing plants are:

Sugarcane.
Sugar beet.

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Question 85 Marks

Directions: Read the passage $(s)$ given below and answer the questions that follow. Passage - $1$ Look at the following food chain and then answer the questions that follow. Grain $\rightarrow $ grasshopper $\rightarrow $ frogs $\rightarrow $ snakes $\rightarrow $ owls bacteria Which organism in this food chain is responsible for recycling nutrients?

Snakes.
Bacteria.
Owls.
Grasshopper.

Answer

Almost all parts of the plants such as leaves, stems, roots, fruits, and seeds are considered to be edible parts:

Roots: Carrot, turnip, radish and beetroot.
Stem: Coriander, sugarcane, potato and ginger.
Leaves: Spinach, cabbage, curry leaves, Onion is a form of leaf which is underground.
Flowers: Cauliflower, pumpkin and roses are also edible.
Fruits: Mango, guava, orange, apple, pear, grapes, banana etc. Almonds, cashew nuts are used as nuts.

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Science [5 Marks Each] QUE-ANS

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