$(I)$ $C{H_2} = CH - C{H_3} + {H_2}O\xrightarrow{{{H^ + }}}$

$(II)$ $C{H_3}CHO\xrightarrow[{(ii)\,{H_2}O}]{{(i)\,\,C{H_3}MgI}}$

$(III)$ $CH_2O\xrightarrow[{(ii)\,{H_2}O}]{{(i)\,\,C{_2}H_5MgI}}$

$(IV)$ $C{H_2} = CH - C{H_3}\xrightarrow{{nutral \,KMn{O_4}}}$

ફિનોલ $\xrightarrow[{Distillation}]{{Zn}}A$  $ \xrightarrow[{conc\,HN{O_3},60\,{}^oC}]{{conc\,{H_2}S{O_4}}}B$  $\xrightarrow[{NaO{H_{\left( {aq} \right)}}}]{{Zn}}C$

${C_2}{H_5}OC_2{H_5} + 4\left[ H \right]\xrightarrow{{brown\,\,P + HI}}2X + {H_2}O$

${\left( {C{H_3}} \right)_2}CH - OH\xrightarrow{{PB{r_3}}}X\xrightarrow{{alko.\,\,KOH}}Y\xrightarrow[{(ii)\,{H_3}{O^ + }}]{{(i)\,{H_2}S{O_4}}}Z$

$C{H_3}C{H_2}OH\xrightarrow{{P + {I_2}}}A\xrightarrow[{ether}]{{Mg}}B\xrightarrow{{HCHO}}C\xrightarrow{{{H_2}O}}D$

${C_3}{H_7}OH\xrightarrow{{conc\,{H_2}S{O_4}}}X\xrightarrow{{B{r_2}}}Y\xrightarrow[{alkolic\,KOH}]{{high\,level}}Z$

પ્રકિયા  $- (2): CH_3 -CH = CH -CH_3 \xrightarrow{KMn{{O}_{4}}/NaI{{O}_{4}}}(C)$         $2$ મોલ 

નીપજ $(B)$ અને $(C)$ શું હશે ?

$(i) \,\,\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
  {C{H_3}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,} \\ 
  {|\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,} \\ 
  {C{H_3} - C - CH - C{H_3}} \\ 
  {\,\,\,\,\,|} \\ 
  {\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,OH} 
\end{array}\,\xrightarrow{{{H^ + }/heat}}\,\,\mathop A\limits_{[Major\,product]} \, + \,\mathop B\limits_{[Minor\,product]} $

$(ii)\,\, A\xrightarrow[{in\,\,absence\,\,\,of\,peroxide}]{{HBr,\,dark}}\,\,\mathop C\limits_{[Major\,product]} \, + \,\mathop D\limits_{[Minor\,product]} $

મુખ્ય નીપજ $(A)$ અને  $(C)$ અનુક્રમે શું હશે ?

$(i)\,CH_3CH_2OH$

$(ii)\ CH_3COCH_3$

$(iii)\ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
  {C{H_3} - CHOH} \\ 
  {\,\,|} \\ 
  {\,\,\,\,\,\,C{H_3}} 
\end{array}$

$(iv) \,CH_3OH$

આયોડિન દ્રાવણો અને $NaOH,$ ગરમ થવા પર અને ઉપરોક્ત કયા સંયોજન આયોડોફોર્મ આપશે?

ઇથેનોલ $\xrightarrow{{PB{r_3}}}X\,\xrightarrow{{alc.\,KOH}}\,Y$$\,\xrightarrow[{(ii)\,{H_2}O\,,\,heat}]{{(i)\,{H_2}S{O_4},\,room\,\,temperature}}Z$

નીપજ  $Z$ શું હશે ?

ફિનોલ   $\xrightarrow{{Zn\,\,dust}}X\,\xrightarrow[{Anhyd.\,AlC{l_3}}]{{C{H_3}Cl}}\,Y\xrightarrow{{Alkaline\,\,KMn{O_4}}}\,Z$

નીપજ  $Z$ શું હશે ?

$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
  {C{H_3}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,} \\ 
  {|\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,} \\ 
  {C{H_3} - CH - C{H_2} - O - C{H_2} - C{H_3}} 
\end{array}\,+ HI \, \xrightarrow{{Heated}}$

નીચેના સંયોજનોમાંથી કઇ રચના કરવામાં આવશે? ?

$CH_3 - O - CH(CH_3)_2 + HI \to$ નીપજ 

$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
  {{C_2}{H_5}MgBr + {H_2}C - C{H_2}\xrightarrow{{{H_2}O}}} \\ 
  {\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\backslash \,\,\,\,/} \\ 
  {\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,O} 
\end{array}A$

ફિનોલ $,$ $p-$ મિથાઇલફિનોલ $,$ $ m-$ નાઇટ્રોફિનોલ અને $p-$ નાઇટ્રોફિનોલ