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BIOLOGY 1 Marks Question

Biomolecules · Rajasthan Board (RBSE) STD 11 Science (Rajasthan - English Medium). 102 questions.

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Question 21 Mark
What are monosaccharides? Give two examples.
Answer
Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars, which cannot be further hydrolysed.
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Question 31 Mark
Name two physical factors which can affect the enzyme activity.
Answer
Temperature and pressure are the two physical factors that affects activity of an enzyme.
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Question 51 Mark
What are 'biomolecules'?
Answer
'Biomolecules' refers to all the carbon compounds that we obtain from the living cells/ tissues.
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Question 71 Mark
Give one example each of.
  1. An acidic amino acid.
  2. A basic amino acid.
Answer
  1. An acidic amino acid-Aspartic acid.
  2. A basic amino acid-Arginine.
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Question 81 Mark
  1. What is the function of carbonic anhydrase?
  2. How many times does carbonic anhydrase accelerate the reaction?
Answer
  1. Carbonic anhydrase catalyses the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water.

$\text{CO}_2+\text{H}_2\text{O}\rightarrow\text{H}_2\text{CO}_3$

  1. About 10 million times.
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Question 91 Mark
Why is it necessary to take food supplements for certain amino acids?
Answer
The human body does not manufacture certain essential amino acids. Since, they are essential so it is necessary to take them through food supplement.
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Question 101 Mark
  1. How many bases are present in one full turn of the helical strand of B-DNA?
  2. What is the length of one full turn of the strand of DNA?
Answer
  1. Ten.
  2. 34Å. or 3.4nm.
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Question 111 Mark
Name the six classes of enzymes.
Answer
Six classes of enzymes are:
  1. Oxidoreductases.
  2. Transferases.
  3. Hydrolases.
  4. Lyases.
  5. Isomerases.
  6. Ligases.
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Question 121 Mark
Why do doctors recommend vegetable oils with polyunsaturated fatty acids for persons suffering from cardiovascular disease?
Answer
Polyunsaturated oils contain fatty acids having one or more double bonds, the clotting property of blood decreases due to high proportions of PUPA. Thus, the possibility of blockage is reduced.
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Question 161 Mark
What is meant by transition state structure of the substrate?
Answer
Transition state structure of the substrate refers to the new structure of the substrate formed when the substrate is bound to the enzyme, before conversion into product(s).
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Question 171 Mark
How does temperature affect an enzyme catalysed reaction?
Answer
The temperature affects the velocity of enzyme action. When the temperature is high, there is a sudden decrease in enzyme action due to denaturation. Most enzymatic reactions occur below 45°C.
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Question 181 Mark
Name the pyrimidine base that is present in RNA and not in DNA.

OR

How does RNA differ from DNA in terms of nitrogenous base?

Answer
Uracil (a pyrimidine base) is present in RNA (in DNA it is thymine).
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Question 201 Mark
Name the four types of organic molecules found in the acid-insoluble fraction.
Answer
Proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, lipids.
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Question 221 Mark
Define metabolism.
Answer
The sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in a cell, is called metabolism.
Metabolic pathways, type of pathways, glycolysis, energy currency.
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Question 231 Mark
Why do amino acids change their structure in different pHs?
Answer
Because both-NH2 and COOH groups are ionisable.
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Question 251 Mark
Write the name of the most abundant enzyme in the world.

OR

 Name the most abundant enzyme in the whole biosphere.

Answer
Ribulose 1, 5 bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO).
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Question 261 Mark
Name the principle on which the enzymes work.
Answer
Enzymes work on the principle of lock and key model.
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Question 271 Mark
Write name of some common protein found in human food.
Answer
Casein: Found in milks.
Albumin: Found in eggs.
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Question 291 Mark
Name the protein which forms the intercellular ground substance.
Answer
Collagen forms the intercellular ground substance.
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Question 301 Mark
What type of reaction is involved in the formation of polymers from their monomers?
Answer
Dehydration reaction.
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Question 311 Mark
Why does starch turn blue black with iodine?
Answer
Appearance of blue colour with the addition of iodine is due to its reaction with amylose of starch.
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Question 321 Mark
Mention four essential major elements of life.
Answer
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen are the four basic essential elements of life.
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Question 331 Mark
What is the importance of analysis of chemical composition?
Answer
Analysis of chemical composition gives an understanding of basic constituents of the living organisms. Apart from that chemical analysis is also used to diagnose various diseases.
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Question 351 Mark
Mark the odd one in the following group.
Lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids.
Answer
Lipids.
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Question 361 Mark
The enzymes activity gets destroyed on increasing high temperature. What happens during that state that enzyme looses its activity?
Answer
The enzyme becomes inactive on increasing temperature because the proteins denature at high temperature due to which its tertiary structure gets disrupted.
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Question 391 Mark
Name the three chemical constituents of a nucleotide.
Answer
Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate. 
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Question 401 Mark
Iodine turns the starch into blue black colour. Why?
Answer
Starch forms helical secondary structure and it can hold jodine in the helices; the starch-iodine complex is blue in colour.
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Question 411 Mark
What is the name given to a polysaccharide composed of two different monomers? Also give example for this.
Answer
The name given is heteropolysaccharide to the type of polysaccharide, which is composed of different types of monomers, e.g., pectin.
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Question 421 Mark
The backbone of DNA molecule is formed of two different molecules. Name them.
Answer
Backbone of DNA molecule is formed of sugar and phosphates.
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Question 431 Mark
Give the term used for the enzymes having slightly different molecular structure, but similar catalytic action.
Answer
Isoenzymes (isozymes) is the term used for enzymes that have slightly different structure, but similar catalytic action.
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Question 441 Mark
Why is cellulose considered as a homopolymer?
Answer
Since, cellulose is made of only one type of monomer (glucose), that is why it is considered as a homopolymer.
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Question 451 Mark
The macromolecules that form the hereditary determinants of the living organism. Name it.
Answer
Nucleic acid.
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Question 461 Mark
Why are enzymes specific for a substrate or a reaction?
Answer
The structure/ shape of the active site should be suitable to the shape of the substrate molecule for the formation of enzyme-substrate complex; hence, enzymes are specific for substrates.
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Question 471 Mark
Give an example of protein, which has quaternary structure.

OR

Give an example of quaternary structure of protein.

Answer
Haemoglobin.
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Question 481 Mark
How is trihydroxy propane commonly called? Write its structural formula.
Answer
It is called glycerol.
$\text{CH}_2-\text{OH}\\\ |\\\text{CH}-\text{OH}\\\ |\\\text{CH}_2-\text{OH}$
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Question 491 Mark
What is the name given to that part of the enzyme where catalytic work is carried out?
Answer
Active or catalytic site is that part of an enzyme where catalytic work is carried out.
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Question 501 Mark
Name one element invariably found in proteins, but not in all carbohydrates and lipids.
Answer
Nitrogen is found invariably in proteins, but not in all carbohydrates and lipids.
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Question 531 Mark
Starch is not a single material, but is regarded as a homopolysaccharide. Explain.
Answer
Starch consists of two components, i.e., unbranched spirally coiled amylose molecules and branched amylopectin molecules. Both are glucose polymers,hence it is called as homopolysaccharide.
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Question 561 Mark
Why is living state a non-equilibrium steady-state?
Answer
A system at equilibrium cannot work. But, living organisms have to work continuously and cannot afford to reach equilibrium, so living state is a non-equilibrium steady-state.
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Question 571 Mark
Give the basic representation of rate of a chemical reaction. Also define the same
Answer
Rate of a chemical reaction refers to the amount of product formed per unit time.
It is represented as Rate $=\frac{\text{dp}}{\text{dt}}$
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Question 591 Mark
The enzyme that works only in the presence of a cofactor or coenzyme is called.
Answer
Apoenzyme works only in the presence of a cofactor or coenzyme.
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Question 601 Mark
Define living state.
Answer
Living state is defined as a non-equilibrium steady-state to be able to perform work.
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Question 621 Mark
Arrange the following carbohydrates in the order of increasing complexity of chemical structures- fructose, starch, oligosaccharide, maltose, triose.
Answer
Triose, fructose, maltose, oligosaccharides and starch.
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Question 631 Mark
The double helical model of DNA was proposed by two famous scientists. Name them and discuss that why are the two strands of DNA described as antiparallel?
Answer
Watson and Crick proposed the double helical model of DNA structure.
The two strands are antiparallel because they run in opposite directions, one in the 5' → 3' direction and the other in 3' → 5' direction.
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Question 641 Mark
Give any two examples of monosaccharides.Glucose and ribose are the examples of monosaccharide.
Answer
Glucose and ribose are the examples of monosaccharide.
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Question 661 Mark
What is the function of catalase?
Answer
Catalase catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
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Question 671 Mark
What is a prosthetic group in enzymes?
Answer
Prosthetic groups are organic compounds and are distinguished from other cofactors in that they are tightly bound to the apoenzyme. They are the sites of active reaction.
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Question 681 Mark
Give the role of DNA.
Answer
DNA is a genetic material. It transfers hereditary characters from one generation to the next.
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Question 701 Mark
What is a co-enzyme?
Answer
Co-enzymes are organic compounds and their association with the apoenzyme is only transient, usually occurring during the course of catalysis.
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Question 711 Mark
Mark the odd one in the following group.
Arachidonic acid, glutamic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid.
Answer
Glutamic acid.
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Question 731 Mark
Define amino acids.
Answer
Amino acids are organic compounds containing an amino group and an acidic group as substituents on the same carbon i.e., the $\alpha-$carbon. Hence, they are called $\alpha-$amino acids.
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Question 761 Mark
Name two important drugs that are produced as secondary metabolites in plants.
Answer
Vinblastine and curcumin.
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Question 771 Mark
Name the storage polysaccharides in animals and plants, respectively.
Answer
Glycogen in animals. Starch in plants.
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Question 801 Mark
What would happen when salivary amylase that acts specifically on starch enters the stomach and mixes with gastric juice?
Answer
In mouth, salivary amylase changes starch to maltose. Action of amylase stops in stomach as it cannot act in acidic medium.
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Question 811 Mark
A chemical is used for grinding the animal tissue for chemical analysis of organic compounds.Can you name it?
Answer
Trichloroacetic acid is used for grinding animal tissue for chemical analysis of organic compounds.
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Question 851 Mark
A nitrogenous base is present in RNA, but absent in DNA. Name it. Also give example in which it exists.
Answer
Uracil (U), is the nitrogenous base present only in RNA, e.g., viruses like hepatitis C.
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Question 881 Mark
How many hydrogen bonds are formed between:
  1. Guanine and cytosine.
  2. Adenine and thymine, respectively?
Answer
  1. Three hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine.
  2. Two hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine.
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Question 911 Mark
What is meant by rate of a chemical reaction? How is it represented?
Answer
  1. Rate of a chemical reaction refers to the amount of product formed per unit time.
  2. It is represented as:

$\text{Rate}=\frac{\delta\text{p}}{\delta\text{t}}$

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Question 921 Mark
Which of the following defines the living state?
  1. Non-equilibrium steady state.
  2. Equilibrium steady state.
  3. Non-equilibrium non-steady state.
  4. Equilibrium non-steady state.
Answer
  1. Non-equilibrium steady state.
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Question 931 Mark
Insulin and trypsin are proteins. How do they function differently?
Answer
  • Insulin is a hormone.
  • Trypsin is an enzyme.
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Question 941 Mark
Oil does not dissolve in water. Give scientific explanation.
Answer

Oil is non-polar and is not attracted to water. So, oil is not soluble in water.

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Question 961 Mark
Name two elements apart from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, present in the genetic material.
Answer
Nitrogen and phosphorus.
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Question 971 Mark
Name the protein that is most abundant in the.
  1. Animal world.
  2. Plant world.
Answer
  1. Collagen.
  2. Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase.
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Question 1021 Mark
Name the following:
  1. The RNAs, which have a catalytic property.
  2. The vitamin component of NAD.
Answer
  1. Ribozymes.
  2. Niacin.
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