Biomolecules BIOLOGY - Biomolecules

Nucleic acid is found in which of the following cell organelles:

Which one contains four pyrimidine bases?

The number of ‘ends’ in a glycogen molecule would be.

Which is not consistent with double helical structure of DNA?

Spoilage of oil can be detected by which fatty acid?

Name two amino sugars.

What are monosaccharides? Give two examples.

Name two physical factors which can affect the enzyme activity.

What is the role of haemoglobin?

What are 'biomolecules'?

Attempt titrating an amino acid against a weak base and discover the number of dissociating ( ionizable ) functional groups in the amino acid.

What are macromolecules? Give examples.

What are gums made of? Is Fevicol different?

Peptide bonds are formed between two groups. Name them.

Find out how much cellulose is made by all the plants in the biosphere and compare it with how much of paper is manufactured by man and hence what is the consumption of plant material by man annually. What a loss of vegetation!

Find out and make a list of proteins used as therapeutic agents. Find other applications of proteins (e.g., Cosmetics etc.)

What is meant by tertiary structure of proteins?

Explain the composition of triglyceride.

Give a diagrammatic representation of lowering of activation energy by enzyme.

Polysaccharides or the macro molecules consisting of long chains of sugar. Only carbohydrates they are not sweet and are insoluble in water. The two ends of the polysaccharide chain are called reducing and non-reducing ends. Based upon their monomeric units these are homo polysaccharides or heteropolysaccharides. Depending upon their location polysaccharides play multiple functions in living world few examples of polysaccharides include Cellulose, chitin, inulin etc.

(1) All the listed polysaccharides are homopolymers except
(a) Starch (b) glycogen (c) Chitin (d) Cellulose

(2) Inulin is a polymer of
(a) glucose (b) fructose (c) glucose and sucrose (d) fructose and galactans

(3) Murein is a heteropolysaccharide like
(a) araban (b) xylan (c) hyaluronic acid (d) agar

(4) A polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of crabs is
(a) Cellulose (b) pectin (c) murine (d) chitin

(5) The right end of the polysaccharide chain is called
(a) reducing end (b) non-reducing end (c) right end (d) none of these

Lipids form a heterogeneous group but all are made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen. These are insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents like acetone, ether, alcohol etc. The number of oxygen atoms is very small compared to carbon atoms. They need a large amount of oxygen for their oxidation to release energy. They could be simple lipids, compound lipids, and derived lipids. Simple lipids are esters of fatty acid and alcohol. Compound lipids are formed when simple lipids combine with another compounds for example glycolipids, phospholipids and lipoproteins. Derived lipids are of various types and important example being steroids.

(1) Lipids mainly consist of
(a) Carbon only
(b) carbon hydrogen and nitrogen
(c) carbon hydrogen and oxygen
(d) Hydrogen only

(2) Among the given options non-polymeric molecule is
(a) Nucleic acids (b) proteins (c) Lipids (d) polysaccharides

(3) An example of unsaturated fatty acid is
(a) oleic acid (b) stearic acid (c) Linoleic acid (d) both a and c

(4) The number of carbon atoms as compared to oxygen atoms in lipids is
(a) same (b) much less (c) much more (d) none of these.

(5) Steroids are an example of
(a) derived lipids (b) conjugated lipids (c) simple lipids (d) lipo proteins

Can you describe what happens when milk is converted into curd or yoghurt, from your understanding of proteins.

Proteins have primary structure. If you are given a method to know which amino acid is at either of the two termini (ends) of a protein, can you connect this information to purity or homogeneity of a protein?

Describe the important properties of enzymes.

Find and write down structures of 10 interesting small molecular weight biomolecules. Find if there is any industry which manufactures the compounds by isolation. Find out who are the buyers.

Find out a qualitative test for proteins, fats and oils, amino acids and test any fruit juice, saliva, sweat and urine for them.

Assertion: Living organisms have more nitrogen and oxygen per unit mass than inanimate objects (e.g., earth crust). 
Reason: Living organisms have more Ca, Mg, Na in them than inanimate object.