BIOLOGY M.C.Q (1 Marks)

sess roots and hence air is their primary source for most elements. They will not grow in the areas that are polluted. So, lichen is used as a reliable indicator of atmospheric pollution.

Viviparity is considered to be more evolved because the young ones are protected inside the mother's body and are looked after they are born leading to more chances of survival.

Animal husbandry and plant breeding programmes need human intervention and desirable characters are introduced in plants and animals through manipulation. Hence, these are examples of artificial selection.

A small population is not in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium and may lose alleles due to Genetic Drift.

Similarity in structural design indicates towards a common ancestry.

Convergent evolution means distantly related groups have different forms of structures or adaptation for performing similar functions.

Archaeopteryx, intermediate between reptiles and birds, originated towards the close of Jurassic period.

First cells produced were simple aggregates of organic compounds, called protobionts, which are thought to be precursors of prokaryotes.

When different groups of animals show similar adaptations due to similar environmental conditions, it is called convergent evolution, which is caused by adaptive convergence.

Amphibians are absent in Galapagos islands as they could not leave the mainland and travel to the island by crossing saline water.

Neanderthal mans are not the direct ancestors of humans. But obviously we share a common ancestry. Human evolutionary tree consist of branches.

Darwin finches occupy different niche with in the same geographical area and the distribution is primarily decided by the differences in diet of birds.

The dominant animals during the Jurassic period were dinosaurs.

Various lines of evidence indicate that our closest relatives are chimpanzees, followed by gorillas and then orangutans, and then gibbons. The closest relative of modern man is considered to be chimpanze on the basis of:

1. Similar cultivate friendship.
2. Similar numerical memory span.
3. Similar blood proteins.

Human races are subdivisions of a single species, therefore they are capable of interbreeding.

Proterozoic era is the time when life came on earth and there were evidences of life on earth, this includes the formation of cellular structures and less complex organisms.

Oparin predicted that cells originated from cell like aggregates of biomolecules formed in hot dilute soup in primitive earth. These early aggregates were called Coacervates.

Most of the primitive organisms live in water, while most of the complex organisms live on land. This shows that evolution of life progressed from water to land.

A primate is a mammal of the order Primates, which includes lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes and humans. They exhibit menstrual cycle.
Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests. Most primate species remain at least partly arboreal.

Industrial melanism is not a mean character but is acquired by most of the individuals. Hence, it is an example of directional change.

d.  The principle of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.