BIOLOGY 1 Marks Question

1. a - b = 3 - 5
2. c - d = 5 - 3

1. Promoter.
2. Coding strand.

1. Less than 2 percent.
2. About 50 percent.

1. Chromosome I has maximum number of genes (2968).
2. Y-chromosome has least number of genes (231).

3. DNA has a code.

1. mRNA is produced in the nucleus.

6. mRNA moves to ribosomes.

2. Ribosomes move along mRNA.

5. tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes.

4. Polypeptide results.

• Ebola virus.
• Tobacco Mosaic Virus.
• SARS.

1. Number of nucleotides in single-stranded DNA.
2. Number of pairs of nucleotides (base pairs) in double-stranded DNA.

4. Methionine.

1. 2968
2. 231

• Nitrogenous base (Adenine) and pentose sugar
• N-glycosidic linkage

1. As a clover-leaf.
2. As an inverted L.

1. 5' → 3'.
2. 5' → 3'.

1. Griffith concluded that the R strain/ non-virulent bacteria had been transformed into virulent form by the heat-killed S strain bacteria.
2. It must be due to transfer of a transforming principle, i.e., genetic material from the heat-killed S strain bacteria.

1. 5386 nucleotides.
2. 48502 base pairs.

Codon for tyrosine - GAG

1.  It codes for methionine amino acid
2. It acts as initiator codon for protein synthesis

1. Information on polymorphism of restriction endonuclease recognition sites.
2. Some repetitive DNA sequences, called microsatellites.

1. A phosphate group is linked to the 5-OH of a nucleoside.
2. Phosphoester linkage.

1. -TACG-
2. -AUGC-

'a' - synthesis of leading/continuous strand.

'b' - synthesis of lagging/discontinuous strand.

1. Nitrogenous base at the first carbon.
2. Phosphate at the fifth carbon.

1. In prokaryotes, the mRNA does not require any processing to become active.
2. Transcription and translation occur in the same compartment-cytosol, as there is no well-defined nucleus.
3. So coupling of transcription and translation is possible.
4. The mRNA has to be processed before becoming active (splicing is necessary).
5. Since nucleus and cytoplasm are well separated, in eukaryotes the RNA has to be transported to the cytoplasm for translation.
6. So coupling of transcription and translation is not possible.

1. Semi-conservative.
2. Semi-discontinuous.
3. Unidirectional.

1. DNA-dependent, RNA-polymerase.
2. 5' → 3' direction.

1. By finding chromosomal locations for disease associated sequences.
2. By tracing human history.