BIOLOGY 1 Marks Question

Single cell protein/Spirulina.

Reason: Inbreeding depression/continuous inbreeding.
Suggestion: Should be mated with unrelated superior cattle of the same breed/out - breeding/out - crossing.

Genetic mother is used to produce many eggs/for superovulation// 6-8 eggs. (under the influence of FSH)

1. Pusa Swarnim causes white rust.
2. Pusa Komal causes bacterial blight.

1. Apis indica/Apis mellifera/Apis dorsata.
2. Leghorn/Rhode island red/Minorcha.

Breeding of crops for improvement of nutritional quality, higher level of vitamins/proteins/minerals/healthier fats.

Food rich in proteins// single cell protein// reduced pollution if grown in large quantities in waste waters.

1. To improve the nutritional quality, in order to improve public health/to prevent malnutrition.
2.  

• Fresh water: Catla.
• Marine fish: Mackerel.

Outbreeding/Outcrossing/Cross-breeding/artificial insemination/hybridisation.

The technique is used to increase the successful rate of production of hybrids in short duration of time.

1. Kalyan Sona/Sonalika.
2. Mule/Hinny/Liger/Tigon.

Spirulina/Methylophilus methylotrophus.

Honey, (Bee) wax.

Basmati.

1. Brown rust of wheat.
2. Red rot of sugarcane.

Catla, Rohu, common carp.

Tobacco mosaic and turnip mosaic.

Pomato.

The technique used is tissue culture using meristematic tissue as this method produces virus free plants.

The best available local cultivar.

Because these are free from virus.

Blue revolution- Increased fish production.
Green revolution- Increased food (crop) production.

The embryo which develops from the somatic cell is called somatic embryo.

Fishery is an industry dealing with catching, rearing, processing and selling of fishes, and shell-fishes like molluscs and crustaceans.

Embryo transfer technology.

PEG (Poly Ethylene Glycol).

Bacterial blight.

Norman E Borlaug.

Inbreeding, i.e. mating of more closely related individuals of the same breed, for 4-6 generations.

Consumption of food deficient in nutrients particularly, micronutrients, proteins and vitamins is called hidden hunger.

Milk yield depends on:

1. The Quality of the breed.
2. The type of feed.

Only limited land is fit for cultivation.
The availability of limited number of desirable genes in the cultivated crops and their wild relatives.

Jowar, Bajra.

Totipotency refers to the capacity of a plant cell or an explant to generate a whole plant.

Outcrossing or outbreeding.

Tissue culture refers to the technology of regenerating whole plants from any small part of the plants, under sterile conditions in special nutrient medium using glassware.

A disadvantage of inbreeding is that it results in the reduction of fertility and productivity. That means it causes inbreeding depression.
Inbreeding depression can be eliminated by mating the cattle within the same breed but, having no common ancestors for 4-6 generations. A single outcrossing can overcome inbreeding depression.

It is the most common species of honey bee employed in apiculture.

It is important for breeding disease-resistant plant varieties.

1. Selection among somaclonal variants.
2. Genetic engineering.

The two steps include:

1. Crossing or hybridisation of pure lines.
2. Artificial selection of plants with desirable traits.

(ii) and (iv) are correct statements.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Spirulina.

Anthrax, foot and mouth disease.

International Rice Research Institute in Philippines.

The merging of protoplasts obtained from two different cells to form a hybrid protoplast is called protoplast fusion.

The agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock.

An explant is any part of a plant that is taken out oto grow into a new whole plant in vitro.

Methylophilus methylotrophus.

1. Management of farm and farm animals.
2. Animal breeding.

Hisardale is produced by crossing Bikaneri ewes and Marino rams.

Spirulina is a unicellular organism. Hence, protein synthesized by it is called single cell protein.

Poultry is the class of domesticated fowl (birds) used for food or eggs. They typically include chicken and ducks and sometimes turkey and geese.

The basic purpose is the production of plants having desired traits like high yield, resistance to diseases and various stresses.

Spirulina

Because there is limited availability of disease resistance genes in the crop plants and their wild relatives.

Meristems have the capacity of division while permanent tissues have lost the capacity of division.

Heterosis refers to the phenotypic superiority of the hybrid over either of its parent in one or more traits.

Colchicine.

Bacteria (Xanthomonas axonopodis).

Buffaloes, cows, pigs, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, camels, etc.

1. High content of aspartic acid.
2. Low nitrogen content.
3. Low sugar content.

1. Layers.
2. Broilers.

It helps to overcome inbreeding depression.
It is the best breeding method to improve in milk yield, growth rate (beef cattle), etc.

Hisardale

1. All the wild varieties and relatives of the cultivated crops are collected and preserved.
2. For their characteristics, evaluation of these genetic collections are done.

The mule is produced by breeding between male donkey and female horse (mare).

Name any plant growth regulator used in plant tissue culture.

Ranikhet and bird flu.

Hisardale.

Diet deficient in micronutrient is not good for health as it increases the risk of disease, reduces lifespan and also reduces mental abilities.

Purpose of animal breeding:

1. Increase in quantity of yield.
2. Improving quality of produce.

IR-8 was developed at International Rice Research Institute [IRRI] (Phillipins).

Sonalika and Kalyan Sona.

Interspecific hybridisation is the process of crossing individuals of two different species to produce a hybrid.
Example: Development of rice variety ADT-37 from a cross between oryza japonica and oryza indica.
Advantage: It brings about useful genetic variations of two or more lines together.

Kalyan Sona.

Pectinase and cellulase.

Caring, feeding, breeding, etc.

Animal husbandry deals with the care and breeding of common domestic animals for getting maximum benefits.

IR-8

The management of animals for milk and their products for human consumption.

The continuous inbreeding especially close inbreeding may lead to the reduced fertility and productivity. This is called inbreeding depression.

Himgiri.

Saccharum officinarum has thicker stems and higher sugar content.
Saccharum barberi has poor sugar content and yield.

The plant cell without the cell wall is called protoplast.

Inbreeding depression.

4. It produces 6-8 eggs instead of one egg which they normally yield per cycle.

2. It is either mated with an elite bull or artificially inseminated.

3. Fertilised eggs at 32 cell stage are recovered non-surgically.

1. Transferred to a surrogate mother.

Basmati rice.

Pomato is a somatic hybrid produced by fusion of protoplasts of potato and tomato.

International Rice Research Institute.

Loss of vigour associated with inbreeding due to increase in homozygosity in recessive alleles.

Blue revolution is the movement launched in the same lines as green revolution, to increase the production of fish and fish products.

Honey and beewax.

Pomato is a somatic hybrid of potato and tomato.