Chemistry 1 Marks Question

Glucose is dextrorotatory, hence it is also called dextrose.

Biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid and lipids etc. are found in biological systems.

To control glucose level in our body.

Androgen.

Milk is an excellent source of vitamins and minerals, particularly calcium. It has an important role in bone health.

Protease and peptidase.

Carbohydrates are polymer of sugar or sugar monomers, hence they are called saccharides.

Fructose.

Phosphodiester bond.

Rickets and Osteomalacia.

Riboflavin.

When protein is heated with ninhydrin blue colour is obtained.

Green leafy vegetables.

Milk, cheese, pulses, peanuts and meat.

B group vitamins and vitamin C.

Bases are heterocyclic compounds.

Sucrose is obtained from sugarcane and sugarbeet.

Glycogen.

Maltose and Lactose.

Carbohydrates which give two to ten monosaccaharide units on hydrolysis are called oligosaccharides.

In oligosaccharides and polysaccharides two monosaccharide units are linked by oxide or ether bond by the loss of a water molecule, this is called glycosidic bond. Such a linkage between two monosaccharide units through oxygen atom is called glycosidic linkage.

Monosacchrides : Ribose, 2-deoxyribose, galactose and fructose.
Disaccharides : Maltose and lactose.

(i) Carbohydrate are used as storage molecules as starch in plants and glycogen in animals.
(ii) Cell walls of plants are made up of cellulose which is a carbohydrate.

(i) Messenger RNA (m-RNA),
(ii) Ribosomal RNA (r-RNA),
(iii) Transfer RNA (t-RNA).

In the double strand helix structure of DNA, the hydrogen bond holds the two strands between specific pair of bases. Adenine forms hydrogen bond with thymine, while cytosine forms hydrogen bond with guanine. Therefore, two strands of DNA are not identical but are complementary to each other.

Unit formed by the attachment of a base (purine or pyrimidine) to 1 ' position of pentose sugar is known as nucleoside. When nucleoside is linked to phosphoric acid at 5 '-position of sugar moiety, we get a nucleotide. Therefore nucleoside contains only pentose sugar and base, whereas nucleotide contains phosphate group also.

Carbohydrates which reduce Fehling's solution and Tollens' reagent are called reducing sugars. These contain free aldehyde or ketone group, e.g., glucose, fructose, maltose and lactose.

Denaturation of protein does not effect its primary structure but secondary and tertiary structures are destroyed. The biological activity of the denatured protein is destroyed. Example, when an egg is boiled, the soluble globular protein coagulates and turns into an insoluble fibrous protein.

The amino acids which are synthesised in our body, are known as non-essential amino acids, such as glycine and alanine. Amino acids which are not synthesised in our body and must be obtained through diet are called essential amino acids, such as valine and leucine.

A carbohydrate that can not be hydrolysed further into simple unit of polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone is called a monosacchride. About 20 monosaccharides are known to occur in nature, e.g., glucose, fructose, ribose etc.