Science [3 Marks Each] QUE-ANS

The name of the useful items made from jute fibres in the given figure.

Fibres that are obtained from nature, i.e., from plants and animals are called natural fibres and those made by humans by chemical methods are known as synthetic fibres. Wool and silk are obtained from animals and cotton and jute are obtained from plants. Hence, they are natural fibres. Nylon and polyester on the other hand are prepared artificially and are therefore synthetic fibres.

Jute plants are cut at the flowering stage when plants are 8-10 feet high. The cut plants are grouped at different places in the field for a few days when most of the leaves dry up and fall down. The plants are now tied into small bundles. The bundles are made to sink in stagnant water of a pond for a few days and then the gummy skin rots out to separate fibres. This process is called ‘retting’. Fibre is extracted from the retted jute by hand, with jerks and pulls. The.dried fibres are then tied together in small bundles.

In terms of raw materials, cloth making was developed in three stages. The first stage was cloth from plant fibres, such as flax, cotton, nettles and inner bark of the trees. The second stage began with the use of animal fibres especially wool and silk. Silk came to various parts of the world from China. The third stage in the history of clothing began in the late 19th century with the development of man-made or synthetic fibres like rayon, nylon and polyester. Now man-made fibres combined with other animal with or without plant fibres are used for making clothes for improved strength, wearing ability and other qualities.

1. Silk.
2. Wool.
3. Cotton.

These are natural fibres.