Science [5 Marks Each] QUE-ANS

Overuse of plastics can be minimised by following the steps given below:

1. Reduce the use of plastic bags.
2. Carry a cloth or a jute bag whenever going out for shopping.
3. Do not use plastic bags to store eatables.
4. Use vermicomposting at home and deal with kitchen waste usefully.
5. Recycle paper.
6. Make family, friends and others aware of the harmful effects of plastic.

Steps involved in recycling paper:

1. Tear paper into small pieces.
2. Soak these pieces in water for a day.
3. Make a thick paste and spread it on a net or sieve.
4. Let water drain off completely.
5. Use an old cloth or newspaper to remove the extra water from the paste and dry it.
6. Use this paste to get beautiful patterns.

The following things can be prepared by the waste material:

1. Several designs and sceneries can be prepared on cardboard with the help of pencil scrab.
2. We can prepare baskets, toys, vase, golak, etc., with the help of smesh.
3. Egg trays can be decorated with the help of different colours and can be used as wall hangings.
4. Take a wet empty earthen cup (Kullarh). Make small holes in its walls with the help of iron nail. It is called as Janjhi in which we put a burning candle. Light comes out in different designs.
5. Flower vase can be prepared with the help of ice-cream sticks.
6. Different types of drawings are prepared on the broken rings and paper.
7. Several types of toys are prepared with the help of plastic cup, spoon, plate, forks.
8. Historical monuments are designed with the help of empty injection bottles and ampule.

Students can prepare any other models with the help of their parents, teachers,friends, brothers, sisters and relatives.

Uses of plastic:

• Plastic goods like, containers, boxes, jars, etc., are used for keeping edible goods. They do not spoil.
• The goods in plastic pack can be carried anywhere easily.
• Plastic pickings are light in weight, good looking, cheap and best and durable.
• No chemical effects on it

Demerits of plastic:

• Plastic bags do not decompose in soil and cause decreasing of fertility.
• Most of the people fill the peelings and rotten fruits and vegetables in plastic bags. They throw them on roads, in drains or in fixed dustbins from where cattle like cows, dogs, pigs, bulls, etc., eat them with plastic bags. These bags are not digested by the animals and they suffer from diseases.

Measures taken to prevent from the dangerous effects of plastics:

1. Reduce, reuse and recycle plastics.
2. Carry jute or cloth bags for shopping
3. Do not store food items in plastic bags.
4. Do not burn plastic items.
5. Recycle plastics so that new plastic items can be made.

We use many plastic items such as tooth brush, combs, containers, bottles, shoes, toys, wires, frames and bags every day but using plastic is very harmful in terms of health and as well as the environment. Plastics are not suitable for storing cooked food because they emit harmful chemicals when they are exposed to high temperatures. Using plastics causeshealth problems such as heart disease, lungs infection and diabetes. Plastics should be disposed in the right way because harmful gases are emitted from burning plastics, which cause cancer and they kill living beings. That is why Plastics thrown casually get into drains and sewages, often blocking the way and causingwater-logging. So polythene bags should not be used for garbage disposal.
Measures taken to prevent from the dangerous effects of plastics:

1. Reduce, reuse and recycle plastics.
2. Carry jute or cloth bags for shopping
3. Do not store food items in plastic bags.
4. Do not burn plastic items.
5. Recycle plastics so that new plastic items can be made.
6. Waste that does not decompose should be put in blue dustbins, while waste that decomposes easily should be put in green dustbins.

We should not burn plastic items because:

1. They do not burn easily.
2. They produce toxic gases when burnt and left over ashes are also toxic.
3. They add to soil pollution.
4. Burnt pieces may be eaten by cows which may choke them to death.
5. Toxic gases lead to many respiratory diseases.

1. Rotting smelly garbage can be converted into compost through composting. The process of converting plant and animal waste materials into manure by rotting is called composting.
2. Dry leaves collected in a garbage can be used as manure by vermicomposting the method of making compost from dry leaves by using red worms is called vermicomposting.
3. Old newspapers can be recycled to make paper bags or paper pulp for handicrafts. Recycling is the process of changing waste material into new products to reduce waste and pollution.

Following things come to our mind when we see:

1. A rag picker:

1. Poor people working due to poverty.
2. He removes the garbage generated by others.
3. He is exposing himself to harmful substances, generated due to toxic waste.

2. A cow eating a polythene bag:

1. Cow is getting exposed to hazardous materials, due to our mistake of using polythene bags.
2. There may be a possibility of polythene choking the animal to death.
3. Incorrect/Improper disposal of polythenes by us.

3. Foul odour emanating from garbage at the entrance of our house:

1. There must be a large quantity of waste generated in the house.
2. The waste has made the surroundings unhealthy.
3. Unpleasant sight, the waste is disturbing the beauty of the house.