Grammar ENGLISH [NCERT] - Grammar

The inefficiencies in the air and on the ground caused by the system also mean wastage of fuel and excessive of CO2. No doubt, the air travel industry is coming under scrutiny for its role in climate change. Though aviation industry contributes only 2% of the total C-emissions. But with the rapid economic growth and ever increasing affordability of air travel, this industry will only expand at a much faster pace than ever before, thus increasing the rate of carbon emissions.
Q.1. What is one major consequence of inefficiencies in the air and on the ground?
(A) Increase in flight duration
(B) More airport taxes
(C) Wastage of fuel and excessive CO₂ emissions
(D) Loss of passenger luggage
Q.2. What percentage of total carbon emissions is contributed by the aviation industry?
(A) 5%
(B) 10%
(C) 2%
(D) 15%
Q.3. Why is the air travel industry expected to expand faster in the future?
(A) Due to better food service in flights
(B) Because of economic growth and increasing affordability
(C) Due to reduced number of trains
(D) Because of better weather conditions

We can imagine many reasons. If an exceptionally strong or brave man succeded in killing an exceptionally large bear, might he not get the idea of boring a hole through one of its teeth with a sharp flint and lying the tooth round his neck in order to remind himself of his great achievement and to show his friends what a great man he was ? Gradually, it might have become the custom in that tribe for all strong and brave hunters to wear a bear’s tooth, and it might be regarded as a disgrance not to wear one and a sign that one was weak or very young.
Q.1. Why might a man wear a bear’s tooth around his neck?
(A) To protect himself from animals
(B) To remember his achievement and show bravery
(C) To use it as a tool
(D) To please the tribal chief
Q.2. What does the passage suggest about the origin of certain customs?
(A) They were created by kings
(B) They were inspired by religious leaders
(C) They may have started from individual actions and became traditions
(D) They were borrowed from other tribes
Q.3. What was considered a sign of weakness in the tribe?
(A) Wearing too many teeth
(B) Not wearing a bear’s tooth
(C) Refusing to hunt
(D) Being afraid of bears

“Oh, you don’t, don’t you ? So, all this row was because you thought you’d get to stay home from school and go for fishing ? Tom, Tom, I love you so, and you seem to try every way you can to break my old heart with your outrageousness.” By this time the dental instruments were ready. The old lady made one end of the silk thread fast to Tom’s tooth with a loop and tied the other to the bedpost. Then she seized, the chunk of fire and suddenly thrust it almost into the boy’s face. The tooth hung dangling by the bedpost, now.
Q.1. Why was Tom trying to avoid going to school?
(A) He was scared of the teacher
(B) He had homework left
(C) He wanted to go fishing
(D) He was feeling sick
Q.2. What did the old lady use to remove Tom’s tooth?
(A) A spoon
(B) A piece of thread and a door
(C) A loop of silk thread and a bedpost
(D) A pair of pliers
Q.3. What did the old lady do to make the tooth come out?
(A) Pulled it with force
(B) Called a doctor
(C) Used a string and slammed a door
(D) Thrust a chunk of fire near Tom’s face

Through all these years of success, Charlie never forgot his troubled childhood. It made him recall a Christmas when he was denied two oranges and his bag of sweets for breaking a rule at the orphanage he went to after his mother’s death. It would have broken his heart, if the other children had not offered him a share of theirs. Spontaneously, the adult Chaplin gifted the orphanage with a motion picture machine and insisted that each child should have as many oranges and sweets as they pleased.
Q.1. Why was Charlie denied oranges and sweets at the orphanage?
(A) Because he arrived late
(B) Because he broke a rule
(C) Because he didn’t like them
(D) Because the orphanage had none
Q.2. What helped young Charlie cope with the disappointment at Christmas?
(A) A gift from the warden
(B) His mother’s comforting words
(C) The kindness of other children who shared their treats
(D) A special dinner provided later
Q.3. What did Chaplin gift the orphanage as an adult?
(A) A library of books
(B) A television set
(C) A motion picture machine and sweets for children
(D) A new building

He _______ swim across the river when he was young.

Riya _________ dance very well.

He has gone _________ Mumbai.

We should not laugh _______ the poor.

They _______ playing for two hours.

It was evening in the picturesque seaside town of Rameshwaram, on the southern edge of Tamil Nadu. A cool breeze was gently blowing in from the sea. Along with the sound of waves lapping against the shore could be heard the sweet sound of birds circling overhead.
Among the children playing on the beach was a boy with wavy hair and dreamy eyes. This youngster was Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam who later became the eleventh President of India.
While spending time with his friends, Abdul was attracted by the sound of the birds flying above. He carefully observed that a fledgling perched on a boat was trying to take off. It spread its wings, fluttered briefly and sprang up. The air seemed to give the needed thrust for its take off! The bird soared up into the sky. It steered its pace and course with great ease. How Abdul wished he could fly like those beauties in the air!
This passion for flying, aroused by the beautiful birds, later inspired Abdul Kalam to design India’s first rocket which successfully sent a satellite Rohini, into orbit on 18th July 1980. It was called the SLV-3 (Satellite Launch Vehicle). At the time when Abdul was growing up, no one had even dreamt of such a happening.
a) What incident on the beach sparked Abdul Kalam’s interest in flying?
b) How did Abdul Kalam's childhood passion for flying influence his career later?
c) Describe the setting of the scene where Abdul Kalam is first introduced.
d) What is the full name of Abdul Kalam mentioned in the passage?

Last summer I boarded a flight from the IGI airport. The airplane waited at the runway in a queue to take off for one hour, with the engines running. A lot of aviation fuel was wasted. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and water vapour were released into the atmosphere.
With the entry of many players in the aviation industry, pollution has reached the skies as well. With the number of air line flights worldwide growing and expected to skyrocket over the coming decades, the problem of delayed arrival and departure will intensify.
The inefficiencies in the air and on the ground caused by the system also mean wastage of fuel and excessive of CO2. No doubt, the air travel industry is coming under scrutiny for its role in climate change. Though aviation industry contributes only 2% of the total C-emissions. But with the rapid economic growth and ever increasing affordability of air travel, this industry will only expand at a much faster pace than ever before, thus increasing the rate of carbon emissions.
a) What environmental impact does the delay in take-off cause at airports?
b) How is the growth of the aviation industry linked to climate change?
c) Why is the air travel industry coming under scrutiny for its emissions, despite contributing only 2% of total carbon emissions?
d) What gases are released into the air during a plane’s long wait at the runway?

We can imagine many reasons. If an exceptionally strong or brave man succeded in killing an exceptionally large bear, might he not get the idea of boring a hole through one of its teeth with a sharp flint and lying the tooth round his neck in order to remind himself of his great achievement and to show his friends what a great man he was ? Gradually, it might have become the custom in that tribe for all strong and brave hunters to wear a bear’s tooth, and it might be regarded as a disgrance not to wear one and a sign that one was weak or very young.
Another man might make an ornament of a coloured shell or stone simply because he liked it or because its shape reminded him of something. Then if he happened to escape from some danger when he was wearing it he might think the ornament had something to do with it- that it had magic qualities. And his friends and relations would not be satisfied until they had an ornament of the same kind.
a) Why might a man wear a bear’s tooth around his neck after killing a bear?
b) How could a simple ornament become believed to have magical qualities?
c) Explain how a personal ornament could become a tradition in a tribe.
d) What could wearing a bear's tooth symbolize in a tribe?

Tom Sawyer found Monday morning miserable. He always found it so because it began another week’s slow suffering in school. Tom lay thinking. Presently it occurred to him that he wished he was sick; then he could stay home from school. Here was a vague possibility. But no ailment was found. Suddenly, he discovered something. One of his upper front teeth was loose. This was lucky ; he was about to begin to groan, when it occurred to him that his aunt would pull it out, and that would hurt. So, he thought he would hold the tooth in reserve for the present, and seek further. Then he remembered hearing the doctor tell about a certain things that threatened to make patients lose a finger. So, the boy eagerly drew his sore toe from under the sheet and held it up for inspection. It seemed worthwhile to chance it, so he fell to groaning with considerable spirit.
a) Why did Tom Sawyer wish to be sick on Monday morning?
b) Why didn’t Tom use his loose tooth as an excuse for being sick?
c) How did Tom finally try to act sick, and what inspired this idea?
d) Why did Tom not use his loose tooth as an excuse?

Your cousin Priya will come in std X next year. Write a letter to her informing her about your preparations for Board Exam; and how you will be able to help her next year.

You are Yash Rabari. Write a letter to your friend making an appeal to avoid Chinese fire crackers and have a safe Diwali, free of sound and air pollution.

Your area is facing the problem of garbage dumps since a fortnight, write a letter to the Editor of a local newspaper, highlighting your problem and ask for his help. (Address left aligned)

Your area is facing the problem of garbage dumps since a fortnight. Write a letter to the Editor of a local newspaper, highlighting your problem and ask for his help.

You are Pari Thakkar. Your maternal- uncle gifted you a smart-watch on your Birthday. Write a letter for telling thank you to him.[6]

Write an application to the Principal requesting permission for a school picnic.

Write an application to the Principal requesting rechecking of your answer sheet.

Write an application to your Principal requesting a bonafide certificate.

Write an application to the Principal requesting to organize a clean school campaign.

Write an application to your Principal to reopen the school sports club.

You witnessed the ICC World cup 2023, Finals at Ahmedabad. Write a report based on your observation.

Your school received an award for ‘Swachha School’. Write a report for your school news letter.

You went on educational tour to 'The Sun Temple of Modhera'. Write a report describing the tour in about 50 words.

You watches a rescue operation of a burning house. Prepare a report on it.

You want to Picnic with your school student. Prepare a report on it.

In today’s age of stress and anxiety, the children need to understand the importance of sleep, meditation and yoga over social networking and the use of the cell phone. Write an article of 120 words on ‘Concentration and Composure’, the need of the hour. You can take hints from the unit ‘Health and Medicine’ of the Main Course Book.

Education should not allow any discrimination. All children have an equal right to education. Yet we find that in many families, girls are not given the education they desire. Taking help from the unit on Education, the following points and your own-ideas, write an article in about 150 words on the topic. “The Importance of Educating the Girl Child”.
• No difference in learning ability or interest.
• Brings in awareness for herself and the family. ,
• Educated mothers will always impart education to their daughters.
• Removes gender discrimination at work.
• Takes decision with an open mind.
• Ask for strict punishment if families marry off girls without giving an education.
• For wholesome progress, the whole society has to be educated in one way or the other could be a vocational training.

Recently there was a news item in Times of India related to RTE where the Supreme Court directed every school, including the private ones to immediately give free education to students of socially and economically backward classes. This Act has no doubt heralded a new era in the country’s formal education. Still you feel, it’s a big challenge for the nation. Based on the input and your ideas gathered from ‘Unit 2-Education’, write an article on ‘New Hope with the Right to Education’ in about 150 words.

You are Rekha/Rohit. You have seen the following news item in a newspaper.
Video games, Internet, cell phones and other high-tech gear are just part of growing up in a digital world. But parents are concerned about the amount of time their children spend with these and worry that it might be distracting to them and cramping their academic and social development
Using your own ideas and those taken from the unit, ‘Science’, write an article in about 150 words describing both the benefits and drawbacks of using these high-tech devices.

On the occasion of World Health Day, write an article in about 150 words for the school news-letter on the topic, ‘Importance of Physical Health in Our Lives’, using the clues given below.
Hints:
• Healthy mind lives in a healthy body.
• Lack of time for physical activity because of the demands of modem lives.
• Ignoring the health increases the risk of many diseases.
• Discipline is the key to resolving these concerns.

(a) Rewrite the following sentence by changing into indirect speech:
Ramu said to his friend, "The sun sets in the west".
(b) Change the following into passive voice:
The students did not read the book.
(c) Punctuate the following:
rita said reena will you not be going to see sheela 
(d) Translate the following into English:
मन और शरीर में घनिष्ठ सम्बंध है। स्वस्थ शरीर में स्वस्थ मन रहता है। विद्यार्थियों को अपने स्वास्थ्य का ध्यान रखना चाहिये । तभी वे ध्यानपूर्वक अध्ययन कर सकते हैं।

(a) Rewrite the following sentence by changing into indirect speech:
The principal said to me, "Why are you not taking your leave ?"
(b) Change the following into passive voice:
The students did not read the book.
(c) Punctuate the following:
what is the colour of your dress
(d) Translate the following into English:
आज सोमवार है। मेरे पिताजी ने आज के दिन मुझे नये वस्त्र दिलाने का वादा किया है। हम सभी शाम को बाजार जायेंगे। वहाँ मैं अपनी अन्य प्रिय वस्तुओं को भी खरीदूँगा ।

(a) Rewrite the following sentence by changing into indirect speech:
Sheetla said to his students, "Have you worked hard for the examination?"
(b) Change the following into passive voice:
Don't make a noise.
(C) Punctuate the following:
i am an m sc from the muir college allahabad
(d) Translate the following into English:
पुराने जमाने में बन्दर जंगलों में रहते थे। उसके बाद वह लोगों में भी रहने लगे। धीरे-धीरे वे नगरों में आ गये। आज हम बन्दरों को हर इलाके में पाते हैं।

(a) Rewrite the following sentence by changing into indirect speech:
The Principal said to the teacher, "What did you teach your students in the morning?"
(b) Change the following into passive voice:
Never play a dirty game.
(c) Punctuate the following:
priya the director of an english school in dehradun said to the techers do not come late
(d) Translate the following into English:
आजकल यात्रा बहुत असुरक्षित हो गयी है। हम रात में बस में यात्रा नहीं कर सकते। कुछ बदमाश और लुटेरे बस में सवार हो जाते हैं। बिना किसी सुरक्षा के बसें सुनसान रास्ते से रात में गुजरती हैं।

(a) Change the following sentence into indirect speech:
He said to me, "I shall go to school tomorrow."
(b) Change the following into passive voice:
She is writing a letter.
(c) Punctuate the following:
the teacher said to me have you done your work
(d) Translate the following into English:
वर्षा ऋतु बहुत महत्त्वपूर्ण होती है। देश के कुछ भागों में बहुत अधिक वर्षा हो रही है। कुछ भागों में वर्षा बिलकुल नहीं हो रही है। ये दोनों समस्यायें देश के लिए अभिशाप हैं।

The man said, “Honesty is the best policy.

He said, “I will go to the market after lunch.”

She said, “My mother is cooking dinner.”

The boy said, “I was playing cricket in the evening.”

The student said to the teacher, “I need more time.”

The cat killed the rat.

They are organizing a function.

I sent him a message.

Why are you laughing at me?

The driver is parking the car.

oh what a wonderful surprise

be careful while crossing the road

we met dr verma at the clinic

this is my house not yours

what’s your name he asked

बच्चे देश का भविष्य हैं। उन्हें अच्छा शिक्षा और संस्कार मिलना चाहिए। तभी देश तरक्की करेगा।

हमारे स्कूल में वार्षिक उत्सव मनाया गया। बच्चों ने नाटक और गीत प्रस्तुत किए। अभिभावकों ने भी भाग लिया।

एक बार मैं अपने परिवार के साथ चिड़ियाघर गया। वहाँ कई जानवर और पक्षी देखे। हमने खूब आनंद लिया।

टीवी देखना मनोरंजन का अच्छा साधन है। परंतु ज़्यादा टीवी देखना हानिकारक हो सकता है। हमें सीमित समय के लिए टीवी देखना चाहिए।

हमारे देश के सैनिक बहुत बहादुर होते हैं। वे सीमा पर हमारी रक्षा करते हैं। हमें उन पर गर्व है।