Science M.C.Q

Plasmodium is a microbial parasite that has a parasitic mode of nutrition.

Internal respiration may be defined as the oxidation of food substances to release energy.

Sieve plates do not constitute blood. They are a part of phloem.

An ammonotelic organism excretes nitrogenous waste as soluble ammonia. Most of the aquatic animals including protozoans, crustaceans,
platyhelminths, cnidarians, poriferans, echinoderms, fishes, larvae tadpoles of amphibians are ammonotelic.

Small intestine receives bile from the liver, which is temporarily stored in the gall bladder.

Prawn is an aquatic animal that respires through gills. Insects such as grasshopper, mosquito and cockroach respire through tracheae.

Alveolar macrophages are the primary phagocytes of the innate immune system, clearing the air spaces of infectious, toxic, or allergic particles that have evaded the mechanical defenses of the respiratory tract, such as the nasal passages, the glottis, and the mucociliary transport system.

Respiration is the sole source of energy in muscles. During intense physical activity, limited oxygen supply do not support the aerobic respiration and muscles carry out lactic acid fermentation of pyruvate to meet the energy demand.

Movement of molecules takes place among cells.

Dialysis is the process of removing wastes using an artificial kidney.
Hence, if a patient is out on dialysis, he is most likely suffering from a severe ailment of excretory system. It is because kidneys are a part of human excretory system and in case of kidney failure, to remove the accumulated wastes from the body, blood is filtered periodically through an artificial kidney.

The process of carrying food from the leaves to other parts of a plant is called translocation.

This is movement of air into and out of the lungs. Breathing supplies oxygen to the alveoli, and eliminates carbon dioxide.
The main muscles involved in breathing are the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm.

The exchange of gases in roots of a plant takes place by the process of diffusion.
The exchange of gases is mostly done with the help of stomata. Plant breath in through stomata present in their bodies.

The left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta which in turn branches and delivers oxygenated blood to the major body regions and organs. The oxygen is consumed in cellular respiration and the carbon dioxide produced during respiration enters into blood.
The anterior vena cava collects deoxygenated blood from the head, chest, and arms and enters the right atrium while the inferior vena cava collects blood from the lower body regions. Both venae cavae pass the deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. Thus, blood from tissues is rich in carbon dioxide.
Deoxygenated blood from right atrium enters right ventricle and pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs for oxygenation.

Carbon dioxide gas turns lime water milky. Since the exhaled air is carbon dioxide rich, when air is blown from mouth into test tube, the lime water turned milky.

Bile is secreted by liver and is stored in gall bladder from where it enters the small intestine via common duct.

Ventricles pump oxygenated blood from the heart to the entire body.

Urea is not reabsorbed into the blood capillaries that surround the tubule of a nephron.
However, glucose, amino acid and water are reabsorbed.

Electric eel respires through gills. Leech and earthworm respire through their skin.

Xylem transports water and minerals from the soil via the roots to the rest of the plant body.

Stomatal pores in plants regulate the amount of water and solutes within them by opening and closing their guard cells using osmotic pressure. In order for plants to produce energy and maintain cellular function, their cells undergo the highly intricate process of photosynthesis. Critical in this process is the stoma.

Pulmonary vein carries the oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the heart.

The digestion of food begins in the mouth by the action of salivary amylase.

Due to this, nephron is called the functional unit of Kidney.

Movement of molecules is an important aspect of life process and it is necessary that such movements take place among cells.

Liver secretes the greenish yellow liquid called bile.

1. Pulmonary artery.
2. Vena cava.
3. Aorta.
4. Pulmonary vein.

Sieve tube, which forms the phloem, are living cells containing cytoplasm but no nucleus.

Lenticels and Stomata are the respiratory organs of the plant.