Social Science CASE BASED QUESTIONS(4 Mark)

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes. Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income. This is based on the understanding that more incomemeans more of all things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income. So, greater income itself is considered to be one important goal. The rich countries, excluding countries of the Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.

1. Which country can be considered as a developed country in the modern world? Select your answer from the following statements.

1. Countries which have accumulated huge amounts of wealth and always secures the future of their citizens. These countries are considered to be developed.
2. Countries which are among the highest in the 'Human Development Index' are considered to be the developed countries.
3. Only rich countries are considered to be developed because people have money to buy everything needed for human beings both material and non-material.
4. Iran is a rich country and therefore it is a developed country.

2. What is considered to be one of the most important attributes when we compare countries at the level of development?

1. Industrial development.
2. Resources of the country.
3. Income.
4. Import-export.

3. The Middle East countries even though are rich countries; but they are not considered as a developed country because.

1. Its high income is because of Oil exports and not because of development.
2. It has all the facilities of a developed country because of its high income.
3. Even after sufficient development they are still not considered as developed countries.
4. It does not have many facilities so they are not treated as developed countries.

4. ______ is the total income of the country divided by its total population.

1. Gross income.
2. Per capita income.
3. Total income.
4. Net income.

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
''Here are many activities that are undertaken by directly using natural resources. Since most of the natural products we get are from agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry, this sector is also called agriculture and related sectors. The secondary sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing. This could be in a factory, a workshop, or at home. For example, using cotton fibre from the plant, we spin yarn and weave cloth. Since this sector gradually became associated with the different kinds of industries that came up, it is also called the industrial sector. After primary and secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under the tertiary sector and are different from the above two. These are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or support for the production process. For example, goods that are produced in the primary or secondary sector would need to be transported by trucks or trains and then sold in wholesale and retail shops. At times, it may be necessary to store these in godowns. Transport, storage, communication, banking, trade are some examples of tertiary activities. Since these activities generate services rather than goods, the tertiary sector is also called the service sector. The service sector also includes some essential services that may not directly help in the production of goods. For example, we require teachers, doctors, and those who provide personal services such as washermen, barbers, cobblers, lawyers, and people to do administrative and accounting work''

1. Secondary sector: Workers in a match factory, Tertiary sector: _______.

1. Beekeeper.
2. Milk vendor.
3. Handloom worker.
4. Tailor.

2. Which is the correct option for classification based on nature of activities?

1. Organised and unorganised sector.
2. Public sector and private sector.
3. Primary, secondary and tertiary sector.
4. None of these.

3. "After primary and secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under the tertiary sector and is different from the above two." Which of the following is incorrect regarding the given statement?

1. These activities do not produce a good by themselves.
2. These activities help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors.
3. These activities are an aid or support for the production process.
4. These activities generate goods rather than services.

4. Choose the incorrect pair:

1. Call centre employee-Secondary sector.
2. IT specialists-Quaternary sector.
3. Potter-Primary Sector.
4. Money Lender-Tertiary sector.

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Suppose for the present that a particular country is quite developed. We would certainly like this level of development to go up further or at least be maintained for future generations. This is obviously desirable. However, since the second half of the twentieth century, a number of scientists have been warning that the present type, and levels, of development are not sustainable.
Groundwater is an example of renewable resources. These resources are replenished by nature as in the case of crops and plants. However, even these resources may be overused. For example, in the case of groundwater, if we use more than what is being replenished by rain then we would be overusing this resource.
Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries; this issue is no longer region or nation specific. Our future is linked together. Sustainability of development is comparatively a new area of knowledge in which scientists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists are working together.

1. Pick out the cause that enhances environmental degradation.

1. Planting trees.
2. Prevention of factory wastes getting mixed up with river water.
3. Ban on using plastic bags.
4. Allowing an increase in the level of exhaust fumes emited by cars, buses trucks etc.

2. Which of the following statement defines sustainable development?

1. Sustainable use of natural resources without considering the need of future generations.
2. The present generation fulfills its needs while considering the needs of the future generations as well.
3. It means the utilisation of natural resources by the past, present and the future generations.
4. To meet the needs of the future generations even if the needs of the present generation is not met.

3. What kind of development should be achieved by making a sincere attempt to preserve the environment and resources.

1. Economic Development.
2. Social Development.
3. Sustainable Development.
4. Political Development.

4. The future generation may not have sufficient resources as compared to the present generation because:

1. Resources are being used judiciously by the present generation, which will make them exhausted.
2. Resources are being used optimally by the present generation which will make them exhausted.
3. Resources are being overused by present generation, which will make them exhausted.
4. Resources are not being used by the present generation, which will make them exhausted.

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Some comparative data on Kerala, Haryana and Bihar

State	Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (2017)	Literacy rate %	Net attendance ratio (per 100 per persons) secondary stage (age 14 and 15 years) 2013-2014
		2011
Haryana	30	82	61
Kerala	10	94	83
Bihar	35	62	43

Kerala, out of 1000 children born, 10died before completing one year of age but in Haryana the proportion of children dying within one year of birth was 30, which is two times more than that of Kerala. On the other hand, the per capita income of Haryana is more than that of Kerala. Just think of how dear you are toy our parents, think of how every one is so happy when a child is born. Now, try to think of parents whose children die before they even celebrate their first birthday. How painful it must be to these parents? Next, note the year to which this data pertains. It is 2017. So we are not talking of old times; it is70 years after independence when our metro cities are full of high rise buildings and shopping malls. The problem does not end with Infant Mortality Rate. The last column of table 1.4 shows around half of the children aged 14-15 in Bihar are not attending school beyond Class 8. This means that if you went to school in Bihar nearly half of your elementary class would be missing. Those who could have been in school are not there. If this had happened to you, you would not be able to read what you are reading now. How is it that the average person in Haryana has more income than the average person in Kerala but lags behind in these crucial areas? The reason is money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well. So, income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use. For example, normally, your money cannot buy you a pollution-free environment or ensure that you get unadulterated medicines, unless you can afford to shift to a community that already has all these things. Money may also not be able to protect you from infectious diseases, unless the whole of your community takes preventive steps. Even now, in many areas, children, particularly girls, are not able to go to high school because the government/ society has not provided adequate facilities. Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities. Similarly, in some states, the Public Distribution System (PDS)functions well. Health and nutritional status of people of such states is certainly likely to be better.

1. Identify the IMR of Haryana in 2017 and the literacy rate of Haryana in 2011 from the following options.

1. 30%, 82%
2. 94%, 62%
3. 40%, 94%
4. None of these.

2. From the above passage, identify the reason behind the low infant mortality rate of kerala.

1. Status of people.
2. Adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.
3. The per capita income is more.
4. All of these.

3. Identify the things that we cannot buy with money.

1. Pollution free environment.
2. Protect us from infectious diseases.
3. Clothes and cars.
4. Both A and B.

4. The passage given above is related to which of the following options?

1. Exhaustion of natural resources.
2. Tax.
3. Income and public facilities.
4. All of these.

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
CRUDE OIL RESERVES

Regions/ Countries	Reserves (2017) (Thousand Million Barrels)	Number of Years Reserves will last
Middle East	808	70
United States of America	50	10.5
World	1697	50.2

The table gives an estimate of reserves of crude oil (column1). More importantly, it also tells us for how many years the stock of crude oil will last if people continue to extract it at the present rate. The reserves would last only 50 years more. This is for the world as a whole. However, different countries face different situations. Countries like India depend on importing oil from abroad because they do not have enough stocks of their own. If prices of oil increase this becomes a burden for everyone. There are countries like the USA which have low reserves and hence want to secure oil through military or economic power. The question of sustainability of development raises many fundamentally new issues about the nature and process of development.

1. The stock of Crude Oil for the world will last for how many more years?

1. 70 years
2. 60 years
3. 40 years
4. 50 years

2. The reserve of Crude Oil available in the Middle is how many times more than the reserves in the USA?

1. 15 times
2. 16 times
3. 14 times
4. 17 times

3. Which among the following is a Judicious use of Crude Oil Reserves.

1. Importing from other countries for domestic use.
2. Overuse of non renewable resources.
3. Use of alternative sources of resources.
4. None of these.

4. How do powerful countries secure oil for their use?

1. Through military or economic power.
2. By buying from the Middle East at higher prices.
3. By using alternative sources of energy.
4. Putting a restriction on usage of Crude oil in their territories.

Read the given source and answer the questions that follow:
For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes. Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income. This is based on the understanding. that more income means more of all things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income. So, greater income itself is considered to be one important goal. The rich countries, excluding countries of the Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.
Q.1. The Middle East countries even though are rich countries; but they are not considered as a developed. country. Why?
Q.2. What is considered to be one of the most important attributes when we compare countries at the level of development?
Q.3. Which country can be considered as a developed country in the modern world?

Read the given source and answer the questions that follow:
Nature worship is an age old tribal belief based on the premise that all creations of nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form called Sacred Groves (the forests of God and Goddesses). These patches of forest or parts of large forests have been left untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned. Certain societies revere a particular tree which they have preserved from time immemorial. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua (Bassia latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba) trees, and the tribals of Odisha and Bihar worship the tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and mango (Mangifera indica) trees during weddings. To many of us, peepal and banyan trees are considered sacred.
Q.1. What are Sacred Groves?
Q.2. In which way tribes preserved the forest?
Q.3. Which trees are worshiped by the Mundas and the Santhal tribes?

Read the case given below and answer the questions that follow: Suppose for the present that a particular country is quite developed. We would certainly like this level of development to go up further or at least be maintained for future generations. This is obviously desirable. However, since the second half of the twentieth century, a number of scientists have been warning that the present type, and levels, of development are not sustainable. Groundwater is an example of renewable resources. These resources are replenished by nature as in the case of crops and plants. However, even these resources may be overused. For example, in the case of groundwater, if we use more than what is being replenished by rain then we would be overusing this resource. Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries; this issue is no longer region or nation specific. Our future is linked together. Sustainability of development is comparatively a new area of knowledge in which scientists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists are working together.
Q.1. What is the main cause that enhances environmental degradation?
Q.2. Define sustainable development.
Q.3. What kind of development should be achieved by making a sincere attempt to preserve the environment and resources?

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow :
Exhaustion of Natural Resources Look at the following data for crude oil:

Region/country	Reserve (2017) (Thousand Million Barrels)	Number of Years Reserves will last
Middle East	808	70
United States of America	50	10.5
World	1697	50.2

The table above gives an estimate of reserves of crude oil (column1). More important, it also tells us for how many years the stock of crude oil will last if people continue to extract it at the present rate. The reserves would last only 50 years for the world. However, different countries face different situations. Countries like India depend on importing oil from abroad because they do not have enough stocks of their own. There are countries like USA which have low reserves and hence want to secure oil through military or economic power. The question of sustainability of development raises many fundamentally new issues about the nature and process of development.
Q.1. Is crude oil essential for the development process in a country? Discuss.
Q.2. India has to import crude oil. What problems do you anticipate for the country looking at the above situation?

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
The availability of resources is a necessary condition for the development of any region, but mere availability of resources in the absence of corresponding changes in technology and institutions may hinder development. There are many regions in our country that are rich in resources but these are included in economically backward regions. On the contrary there are some regions which have a poor resource base but they are economically developed.
The history of colonisation reveals that rich resources in colonies were the main attractions for the foreign invaders. It was primarily the higher level of technological development of the colonising countries that helped them to exploit resources of other regions and establish their supremacy over the colonies. Therefore, resources can contribute to development only when they are accompanied by appropriate technological development and institutional changes. India has experienced all this in different phases of colonisation. Therefore, in India, development, in general, and resource development in particular does not only involve the availability of resources, but also the technology, quality of human resources and the historical experiences of the people.
Q.1. What is a necessary condition for the development of any region?
Q.2. What helped the colonial countries to exploit resources of their colonies?
Q.3. Why are some resource rich regions included in economically backward regions?