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Science 5 Marks Questions

Heat · UP Board (UPMSP) STD 7 (UPMSP - English Medium). 12 questions.

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Question 15 Marks
Match the following:

Land breeze blows during summer
Sea breeze blows during winter
Dark coloured clothes are preferred during day
Light coloured clothes are preferred during night

Answer
Land breeze blows during night
Sea breeze blows during day
Dark coloured clothes are preferred during winter
Light coloured clothes are preferred during summer
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Question 25 Marks
State similarities and differences between the laboratory thermometer and the clinical thermometer.
Answer
Similarities:
$1)$ Both clinical and laboratory thermometers have long, narrow, uniform glass tubes.
$2)$ The bulbs of both the thermometers have mercury in them.
$3)$ Both have a bulb at one end.
$4)$ Both use Celsius scale on the glass tube.
Differences:
$1)$ The temperature range of clinical thermometers is from $35^\circ C$ to $42^\circ C$ while that of laboratory thermometer is from $−10^\circ C$ to $110^\circ C.$
$2)$ Clinical thermometer is used to measure the temperature of a human body. However, laboratory thermometer cannot be used to measure the temperature of a human body
$3)$ The least count of both the thermometers differs.
$4)$ Unlike clinical thermometer that can be tilted, laboratory thermometer is kept upright while reading the temperature values.
$5)$ Clinical thermometer has a kink near the bulb while there is no kink in the laboratory thermometer. Due to kink mercury does not fall down on its own in clinical thermometer.
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Question 35 Marks
What are the factors on which the quantity of heat absorbed or given out by a substance during a thermal change depends?
Answer
The quantity of heat absorbed or given out by a substance during a thermalchange depends on:
  1. Mass: A larger mass of a substance absorbs or gives out more heat than a smaller mass of it for a certain change of temperature. So, if $'H'$ be the quantity of heat absorbed or given out by a substance of mass $'m'$ for a given change of temperature, $H = m.$
  2. Difference of temperature: The heat absorbed or released by a certain quantity of a given substance increases or decreases accordingly as the difference between the initial and final temperatures is large and small. Thus, $H=(T-t)$ where, $(T-t)$ is the difference between the initial and the final temperatures of the body.
  3. Specific heat of the material of the substance: This is a fundamental property of matter. An equal mass of different materials absorb or give out different quantities of heat, even if they are heated or cooled through the same range of temperature.This is also called specific heat capacity $($abbreviated as $SHC)$ in S.I. system.
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Question 45 Marks
Explain laboratory and clinical thermometer along with their function, and uses.
Answer
  1. Mass: A larger mass of a substance absorbs or gives out more heat than a smaller mass of it for a certain change of temperature. So, if $'H'$ be the quantity of heat absorbed or given out by a substance of mass $'m'$ for a given change of temperature, $H = m.$
  2. Difference of temperature: The heat absorbed or released by a certain quantity of a given substance increases or decreases accordingly as the difference between the initial and final temperatures is large and small. Thus, $H= (T-t)$ where, $(T-t)$ is the difference between the initial and the final temperatures of the body.
  3. Specific heat of the material of the substance: This is a fundamental property of matter. An equal mass of different materials absorb or give out different quantities of heat, even if they are heated or cooled through the same range of temperature.This is also called specific heat capacity $($abbreviated as $SHC)$ in $S.I.$ system.
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Question 55 Marks
While reading a clinical thermometer, what precautions should we take?
Answer
Reading a Clinical Thermometer- There are following steps to read the temperature on a thermometer.
Step I: Firstly, wash the thermometer with an antiseptic solution and if in case, the antiseptic solution is not available, then wash it with a clean water.
Step II: Gently, hold the thermometer tube in your hand and give it a jerk in such a way that the mercury thread in the thermometer tube falls below the reading of $35^\circ C.$ 
Step III: Now, put the bulb of the thermometer under the tongue of the patient for about one minute. Then take out the thermometer from patient’s mouth.
Step IV: In order to read the temperature, hold the thermometer horizontally in your hand and rotate it slowly. When we see a magnified image of the mercury thread in its tube, then a position will come. Now, read the temperature on thermometer tube in level with the top of the mercury thread. Precautions while Reading the Thermometer: A clinical thermometer should not be used for any object other than the human body. There are some following precautions which are to be observed while reading a clinical thermometer.
  1. Wash the clinical thermometer before and after using preferably with an antiseptic solution.
  2. Be ensure that the mercury level before using the clinical thermometer should be below $35^\circ C.$
  3. The clinical thermometer should be read by keeping the level of mercury along the line of sight.
  4. While reading the clinical thermometer, it should never be held by the bulb.
  5. The clinical thermometer should be carefully handled.
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Question 65 Marks
What precautions should you take while reading a clinical thermometer?
Answer
  1. The reading should be taken by keeping the level of mercury along the line of sight.
  2. Before use, the mercury level should be below $35^\circ C.$
  3. Wash the thermometer with water or an antiseptic solution before and after use.
  4. Never hold the thermometer by the bulb while reading it.
  5. Handle the thermometer with care, it can break if hit against hard object.
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Question 75 Marks
Match the following:
$(i)$
Land breeze blows during
$(a)$
summer
$(ii)$
Sea breeze blows during
$(b)$
winter
$(iii)$
Dark coloured clothes are preferred during
$(c)$
day
$(iv)$
Light coloured clothes are preferred during
$(d)$
night
Answer
$(i)$
Land breeze blows during
$(d)$
night
$(ii)$
Sea breeze blows during
$(c)$
day
$(iii)$
Dark coloured clothes are preferred during
$(b)$
winter
$(iv)$
Light coloured clothes are preferred during
$(a)$
summer
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Question 85 Marks
Explain the differences between heat and temperature.
Answer
The differences between heat and temperature are given as below:
S.No.
Heat
Temperature
$(i)$
It is a form of energy which flows from one body to another when there is a difference in temperature between the objects.
It is the thermal condition of a body that indicates whether or not and in which direction, heat will flow from one body to the other.
$(ii)$
It is equal to the sum of internal energies of the molecules of a body.
It is proportional to average kinetic energy of the molecules of the body.
$(iii)$
As a heat between two bodies, total amount of heat of two bodies remains unchanged.
As a conclusion of exchange of heat between two bodies, sum of their temperatures before and after exchange is not same.
$(iv)$
$SI$ unit of heat is joule $(J).$
SI unit of temperature is kelvin $(K).$
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Question 95 Marks
State differences between laboratory thermometer and clinical thermometer.
Answer
S.No.
Clinical thermometer
Laboratory thermometer
$1.$
It is used to measure the temperature of human body only.
It is used to measure the temperature of different objects in laboratory and factories.
$2.$
It has temperature range from $35^\circ C.$ to $42^\circ C.$
It has temperature range from $-10^\circ C.$to $110^\circ C.$
$3.$
It has a small constriction near the mercury bulb.
Usually it does not have any constriction.
$4.$
It can be tilted while taking reading.
It has to be kept upright while taking the reading.
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Question 105 Marks
What precautions should you take while using a laboratory thermometer?
Answer
  1. Never hold the thermometer by the bulb while reading it.
  2. Wash the thermometer with water or antiseptic solution before and after use.
  3. While performing the experiment, don’t touch the bulb of the thermometer with the wall of the beaker.
  4. Read the thermometer keeping the level of mercury along the line of sight.
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Question 115 Marks
Prove with the help of an experiment that heat radiation can travel through vacuum.
Answer
First of all, take a flat bottom flask and fix a rubber stopper having two holes in the mouth of the flask. Shift a thermometer through one hole and a glass tube with stopper through the other hole. Now, with the help of a vacuum pump, remove the air from the flask and try to record the temperature from the thermometer. Put a flask in the bright sunlight and we will observe that the thermometer records a rise in temperature. So, on this basis, we can say that this experiment proves that the heat radiation can travel through vacuum.
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Question 125 Marks
State similarities and differences between the laboratory thermometer and the clinical thermometer.
Answer
Similarities:
  1. Both consist a long, narrow, uniform glass tube.
  2. Both have a bulb at one end.
  3. Both contains mercury in the bulb.
  4. Both contain Celsius scale on the glass tube.
Differences:
Clinical thermometer
Laboratory thermometer
Temperature range is from $35^\circ C$ to $42^\circ C.$
Temperature range is from $-10^\circ C$ to $110^\circ C.$
It is used to measure temperature of human body.
It is used to measure temperature in experiments performed in laboratory.
It has a kink which prevents the immediate back flow of mercury.
Usually, it does not have a kink.
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