Given that the two numbers appearing on throwing two dice are different. Find the probability of the event the sum of numbers on the dice is 4.
AnswerS = {(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (6, 1)
(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2), (6, 2)
(1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 3), (4, 3), (5, 3), (6, 3)
(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4), (5, 4), (6, 4)
(1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5), (5, 5), (6, 5)
(1, 6), (2, 6), (3, 6), (4, 6), (5, 6), (6, 6)}
$\therefore $ n(S) = 36
Let A represents the event “the sum of numbers on the dice is 4” and B represents the event “the two numbers appearing on throwing two dice are different”.
Therefore, A = {(1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 1)} $ \Rightarrow $ n(A) = 3
P (A) = $\frac{{n(A)}}{{n(S)}} = \frac{3}{{36}}$
Also B = {(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (6, 1), (1, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2), (6, 2),(1, 3),
(2, 3), (4, 3), (5, 3), (6, 3), (1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (5, 4), (6, 4),(1, 5), (2, 5),
(3, 5), (4, 5), (6, 5), (1, 6), (2, 6), (3, 6), (4, 6), (5, 6)}
$\therefore$ n(B) = 30
P (B) = $\frac{{n\left( B \right)}}{{n\left( S \right)}} = \frac{{30}}{{36}}$
Now $A \cap B$ = {(1, 3), (3, 1)}
$ \Rightarrow $ $n\left( {A \cap B} \right)$ = 2
$P(A \cap B)$ = $\frac{{n\left( {A \cap B} \right)}}{{n\left( S \right)}} = \frac{2}{{36}}$
Hence, $P\left( {A|B} \right) = \frac{{P\left( {A \cap B} \right)}}{{P\left( B \right)}}$
$= \frac{{\frac{2}{{36}}}}{{\frac{{30}}{{36}}}} = \frac{2}{{30}} = \frac{1}{{15}}$