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Hydrocarbons — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceChemistryHydrocarbons3 Marks
Question
2 Arrange the following set of compounds in order of their decreasing relative reactivity with an electrophile, $\mathrm{E}^{+}$. Chlorobenzene, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene.
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Answer

Electrophiles are reagents that participate in a reaction by accepting an electron pair in order to bond to nucleophiles.
The higher the electron density on a benzene ring, the more reactive is the compound towards an electrophile, $\mathrm{E}^{+}$ (Electrophilic reaction).
The presence of an electron withdrawing group (i.e., $\mathrm{NO}_2{}^{-}$and $\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$) deactivates the aromatic ring by decreasing the electron density.
Since $\mathrm{NO}_2{}^{-}$group is more electron withdrawing (due to resonance effect) than the $\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$group (due to inductive effect), the decreasing order of reactivity is as follows:
Chlorobenzene > p-nitrochlorobenzene > 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene.

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